{
  "version": 1,
  "generatedAt": "2026-05-15",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Verdant Meridian — https://verdantmeridian.app/data",
  "citation": "Verdant Meridian, Regional Plant Database, verdantmeridian.app/data, accessed [date]. CC-BY-4.0.",
  "sourceMethodology": "Compiled from regional wholesale grower availability lists, not retail or garden references. Commonness ratings reflect how frequently each plant appears across that market's wholesale catalogs: 1 = on every truck (core staple), 2 = regularly stocked (common), 3 = available but selective. Pruning windows and pest/pathogen identification notes are drawn from regional Cooperative Extension publications and trade horticulture references. No chemical, fungicide, or product recommendations appear anywhere in this database — diagnostic and cultural information only.",
  "policy": "No chemical, fungicide, insecticide, or product recommendations in any record. Cultural and diagnostic content only.",
  "contact": "acs31410@proton.me",
  "plantCount": 328,
  "regionCount": 18,
  "availabilityCount": 1526,
  "profiledCount": 34,
  "plants": [
    {
      "plantId": 1,
      "botanicalName": "Acer rubrum",
      "genus": "Acer",
      "species": "rubrum",
      "cultivar": "October Glory",
      "commonName": "Red Maple",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Brilliant red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Reliable fast canopy tree; October Glory & Red Sunset are the trade standards.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late summer or early fall — August through October — to avoid heavy sap bleeding.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Dormant pruning (December–February) is acceptable for structural cuts but produces visible sap bleed in late winter as sap rises. Bleeding is cosmetic, not harmful, but alarms clients.",
          "notes": "Young trees require structural pruning to establish a single central leader. Co-dominant leaders are the most common long-term structural failure mode in suburban Acer rubrum — branches included in tight V-crotches split in storms a decade or two later. Never flush-cut at the trunk; leave the branch collar intact to allow proper compartmentalization."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Asian longhorned beetle (where present)",
            "description": "Large, round exit holes (3/8 to 1/2 inch) on trunk and major limbs, often with sawdust at the base of the tree. Reportable to state agriculture authority in confirmed-presence areas — currently restricted to specific Northeast and Midwest quarantine zones. Affects multiple hardwood species."
          },
          {
            "name": "Cottony maple scale",
            "description": "White cottony egg masses on twigs and undersides of branches in late spring and summer. Honeydew and sooty mold follow on leaves and bark below. Most damage is cosmetic but heavy infestations stress young trees."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leafhoppers and aphids",
            "description": "Sticky honeydew under the canopy is the field tell — anything beneath an infested maple becomes shiny and sticky. Usually cosmetic; plants outgrow damage."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Verticillium wilt",
            "description": "Sudden one-sided branch dieback and wilt in mid-summer. Diagnostic tell: vascular streaking visible when bark is peeled back on a dying branch — dark olive-green to brown discoloration in the sapwood. Soil-borne and effectively incurable. Trees may decline rapidly or persist for years with progressive limb loss."
          },
          {
            "name": "Anthracnose",
            "description": "Irregular brown blotches following leaf veins, particularly in cool wet springs. Defoliates lower canopy but trees re-foliate later in the season and recover."
          },
          {
            "name": "Tar spot",
            "description": "Large, round, raised black spots on leaves in late summer. Cosmetic only — no impact on tree health despite alarming appearance. Common in moist Midwest and Northeast regions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Cultivar selection drives long-term performance. October Glory and Red Sunset are the trade standards for reliable red fall color and structural form. Chlorosis (yellow leaves with green veins) in alkaline soils is common — Acer rubrum prefers slightly acidic soil. Surface roots compete with turf at maturity; a mulched root zone solves the problem better than annual reseeding under the canopy. Suckers from the base on stressed or damaged trees.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Asian longhorned beetle monitoring active in quarantine areas.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Chlorosis chronic in alkaline soils; generally not a regional standard.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Tar spot common, harmless; verticillium occasional.",
          "PNW": "Anthracnose chronic in wet springs; recovery typical.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Chlorosis common; reliable cultivars limited."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 2,
      "botanicalName": "Acer saccharum",
      "genus": "Acer",
      "species": "saccharum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sugar Maple",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 30,
      "widthMaxFt": 45,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Orange-red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Struggles in Piedmont heat/clay; specified but not a sure thing."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 3,
      "botanicalName": "Betula nigra",
      "genus": "Betula",
      "species": "nigra",
      "cultivar": "Heritage",
      "commonName": "River Birch",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 30,
      "widthMaxFt": 45,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Exfoliating cinnamon bark",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Ubiquitous in this market; tolerates wet clay. Often multi-trunk.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Mid-summer (June through August) — sap bleeding is heaviest in late winter and early spring; summer cuts heal cleanly.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Late summer or early fall acceptable; avoid late winter and early spring.",
          "notes": "Like all birches, river birch bleeds heavily from late-winter and spring pruning wounds as sap rises. Bleeding is cosmetic but alarming and persists for weeks. Multi-trunk specimens are typically planted in groups of three trunks per location, intentionally creating the layered exfoliating bark display the species is grown for. Single-trunk training is less common but valid; structural pruning in the first 5 years sets the form."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Bronze birch borer",
            "description": "D-shaped exit holes on trunk and major branches; serpentine galleries visible under loose bark on dying branches. River birch is significantly more resistant than European white birch (Betula pendula) — the borer kills most paper birches and white birches planted in the eastern US within 15 years, but river birch is generally unaffected. Stressed river birch (drought, transplant, trunk damage) can be attacked."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Honeydew dripping from canopy in early summer; sticky residue on cars, decks, and turf under the tree. Cosmetic but a major homeowner complaint when river birch is planted over patios or driveways."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Iron chlorosis",
            "description": "Yellow leaves with green veins, progressing to bleached cream-colored foliage and leaf drop. Caused by inability to uptake iron in high-pH soils. River birch is one of the more pH-sensitive landscape trees — alkaline soils (above pH 6.8) reliably produce chlorosis. Common in Midwest and Plains regions with naturally alkaline soils or in landscapes amended with excessive lime."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leaf spot",
            "description": "Small brown or purple spots on leaves; cosmetic, trees re-foliate."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to the Southeast and increasingly planted nationwide as a borer-resistant alternative to white birch. Tolerates wet soils (and is naturally a riparian species) but also handles average garden conditions. Heritage and Dura-Heat are the trade-standard cultivars for best exfoliating bark display. Mid-summer leaf drop is normal during drought — the tree thins its own canopy to conserve water and re-leafs after rain returns. Surface roots compete with turf; mulched root zones outperform under-canopy seeding. Short-lived for a tree (40–60 years typical in landscape settings).",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Native range; workhorse reliable.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Reliable; aphid honeydew complaints common.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Chlorosis pressure heavy in alkaline soils.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Chlorosis chronic; not recommended in most sites.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Chlorosis pressure heavy; performs poorly in alkaline clay."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 4,
      "botanicalName": "Quercus shumardii",
      "genus": "Quercus",
      "species": "shumardii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Shumard Oak",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 30,
      "widthMaxFt": 45,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Red fall color, strong form",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Go-to large shade oak for the region."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 5,
      "botanicalName": "Quercus phellos",
      "genus": "Quercus",
      "species": "phellos",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Willow Oak",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 30,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine texture, clean habit",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Heavily used as a street and lawn tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 6,
      "botanicalName": "Quercus nuttallii",
      "genus": "Quercus",
      "species": "texana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Nuttall Oak",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 35,
      "widthMaxFt": 45,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Red fall color, fast for an oak",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Increasingly specified as a faster red oak."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 7,
      "botanicalName": "Quercus virginiana",
      "genus": "Quercus",
      "species": "virginiana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Live Oak",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 60,
      "widthMaxFt": 80,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Massive spreading evergreen canopy",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Signature coastal tree; marginal but used in warm Piedmont sites.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late summer or fall — outside the active oak wilt vector period.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Mid-winter (December–January) acceptable in oak wilt regions during peak dormancy when vectors are inactive.",
          "notes": "In Texas and parts of the Lower South, oak wilt vector beetles are most active spring through early summer — pruning wounds during this window are highly susceptible to vectoring oak wilt fungus into the tree. Industry standard is to avoid pruning live oak February through June in oak wilt counties; some Texas counties have local ordinances reinforcing this. Paint or seal cuts on live oak immediately, especially in oak wilt regions — this is one of the few species where wound sealants are actively recommended. Outside oak wilt regions, standard tree pruning practice applies."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Live oak gall wasps",
            "description": "Numerous types — bullet galls, wool galls, leaf galls, twig galls. Distinctive growths on twigs and leaves. Cosmetic primarily; even heavy gall loads rarely affect tree health. Public concern is high; arborist explanation usually suffices."
          },
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy or waxy growths on twigs and underbranches. Honeydew and sooty mold on bark and lower foliage. Heavy infestations cause branch dieback in stressed trees."
          },
          {
            "name": "Buck moth caterpillar",
            "description": "Black spiny caterpillars feeding in groups on foliage in late spring. Stinging spines cause significant skin reaction on contact — a public-safety concern in residential and school landscapes during outbreak years."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Oak wilt (Bretziella fagacearum)",
            "description": "Vascular wilt disease; live oak is uniquely susceptible because root grafts between adjacent live oaks transmit the pathogen below ground. Diagnostic symptoms include browning and leaf drop progressing from outer canopy inward, yellow then brown bands along leaf midribs (live oak-specific pattern), and root-to-root spread through interconnected oak motts. Established and pressure heavy across Central and South Texas; localized in Hill Country and adjacent areas. Aboveground transmission via insect vectors active spring through early summer."
          },
          {
            "name": "Ball moss",
            "description": "Gray-green epiphytic plants forming round masses on branches. Not parasitic — does not feed on the tree — but heavy ball moss on declining branches is a visual indicator that the branch is failing for other reasons. Mechanical removal where aesthetically objectionable."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Iconic Southern tree, salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, and wind-resistant — one of the trees that survives hurricanes when others fail. Massive spread at maturity (up to 80–100 ft. across); planting close to structures is a long-term mistake. Surface roots are extensive and damage adjacent hardscape. Evergreen in coastal regions but drops and replaces leaves annually in March-April — the leaf drop alarms new clients unfamiliar with the species. Spanish moss draping (where it occurs) is epiphytic and harmless to the tree.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GULF-COAST": "Iconic regional tree; hurricane-resistant; pest pressure moderate.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Oak wilt pressure heavy — pruning timing critical.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Iconic; salt-tolerant in coastal sites.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Common; reliable.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Iconic Lowcountry tree; Spanish moss common (epiphytic, harmless)."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 8,
      "botanicalName": "Quercus lyrata",
      "genus": "Quercus",
      "species": "lyrata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Overcup Oak",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 35,
      "heightMaxFt": 55,
      "widthMinFt": 35,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tolerates wet sites",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Specified for detention areas and wet clay."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 9,
      "botanicalName": "Ulmus parvifolia",
      "genus": "Ulmus",
      "species": "parvifolia",
      "cultivar": "Allee",
      "commonName": "Lacebark Elm",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 30,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Mottled exfoliating bark",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tough urban tree; Allee and Bosque are common cultivars."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 10,
      "botanicalName": "Zelkova serrata",
      "genus": "Zelkova",
      "species": "serrata",
      "cultivar": "Green Vase",
      "commonName": "Japanese Zelkova",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Vase form, orange fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common elm substitute."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 11,
      "botanicalName": "Nyssa sylvatica",
      "genus": "Nyssa",
      "species": "sylvatica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Black Gum / Tupelo",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Outstanding scarlet fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; underused but regularly available."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 12,
      "botanicalName": "Liquidambar styraciflua",
      "genus": "Liquidambar",
      "species": "styraciflua",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sweetgum",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 60,
      "heightMaxFt": 75,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Star fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native and cheap; spiky fruit makes it a love-hate install."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 13,
      "botanicalName": "Liriodendron tulipifera",
      "genus": "Liriodendron",
      "species": "tulipifera",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Tulip Poplar",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 70,
      "heightMaxFt": 90,
      "widthMinFt": 35,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tulip-like spring flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native, very fast; weak wood limits premium use."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 14,
      "botanicalName": "Platanus x acerifolia",
      "genus": "Platanus",
      "species": "x acerifolia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "London Planetree",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 60,
      "heightMaxFt": 80,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 60,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold exfoliating bark",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Big civic-scale tree; used on large commercial sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 15,
      "botanicalName": "Taxodium distichum",
      "genus": "Taxodium",
      "species": "distichum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bald Cypress",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Feathery foliage, rusty fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Handles wet and dry; common in detention basins and lawns."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 16,
      "botanicalName": "Ginkgo biloba",
      "genus": "Ginkgo",
      "species": "biloba",
      "cultivar": "Autumn Gold",
      "commonName": "Ginkgo",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Golden fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Use male cultivars only to avoid messy fruit."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 17,
      "botanicalName": "Pistacia chinensis",
      "genus": "Pistacia",
      "species": "chinensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Chinese Pistache",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Orange-red fall color, drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Reliable mid-size shade tree for hot sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 18,
      "botanicalName": "Celtis laevigata",
      "genus": "Celtis",
      "species": "laevigata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sugarberry / Hackberry",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough, fast canopy",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; used where a cheap durable shade tree is needed."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 19,
      "botanicalName": "Lagerstroemia indica",
      "genus": "Lagerstroemia",
      "species": "indica",
      "cultivar": "Natchez",
      "commonName": "Crape Myrtle",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Long summer bloom, exfoliating bark",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "THE Southeastern staple. Many sizes/colors; Natchez is the white standard.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter, January through mid-February — before bud break.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light deadheading after the first bloom flush can encourage a second flush in long-season regions.",
          "notes": "Never top — known regionally as 'crape murder.' Cut back to lateral branches at the trunk or to outward-facing buds. Annual heavy topping ruins natural form, reduces bloom quality, and produces weakly attached suckers that snap in summer storms. On older multi-trunk specimens, remove crossing interior branches and any suckering at the base each year for structure."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Crape myrtle bark scale",
            "description": "White, felt-like crusty patches on branches and trunk, especially in branch crotches and on undersides of limbs. Black sooty mold develops on lower leaves and beneath the canopy from honeydew. Established and spreading throughout Southeast and Gulf Coast regions; first US detection 2004 in Texas."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth and undersides of leaves in spring. Honeydew leads to sooty mold on leaves below. Generally cosmetic — plants outgrow damage."
          },
          {
            "name": "Japanese beetle",
            "description": "Skeletonized leaves in mid-summer, primarily in Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. Feeding tends to concentrate on the upper, sunlit canopy."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White powdery coating on new growth, flower buds, and stem tips, often distorting growth. Varietal resistance varies dramatically — the National Arboretum 'Indian Tribes' series (Natchez, Tuscarora, Miami, Tonto, Sioux) was bred specifically for resistance. Pressure heaviest in humid summers, shaded sites, and locations with poor air circulation."
          },
          {
            "name": "Cercospora leaf spot",
            "description": "Irregular dark spots, often with yellow halos, progressing to broad yellowing and premature leaf drop. Typically appears mid-to-late summer. Defoliation can be dramatic by September but is rarely fatal to established trees."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Full sun is non-negotiable for bloom production and disease resistance. Tolerates poor soil and drought once established. Hard freezes below 0°F damage above-ground growth in zone-6 borderline areas; regrowth from the base is typical and produces a multi-trunk shrub form. Often planted too close to structures — even dwarf cultivars reach 6–8 ft. across at maturity. Suckering at the base is normal; remove annually for tree form, leave for shrub form.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Bark scale established and widespread; powdery mildew chronic in shaded sites.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Bark scale heavy; mildew pressure heavy in humid coastal locations.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Marginal cold hardiness — annual dieback to the base is typical.",
          "PNW": "Powdery mildew chronic; bloom production noticeably lighter than in the Southeast.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Performs well; mildew and bark scale both rare in dry heat."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 20,
      "botanicalName": "Lagerstroemia x",
      "genus": "Lagerstroemia",
      "species": "x fauriei",
      "cultivar": "Tuscarora",
      "commonName": "Crape Myrtle (mildew-resistant)",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Coral bloom, disease resistance",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Fauriei hybrids chosen for mildew resistance."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 21,
      "botanicalName": "Cornus florida",
      "genus": "Cornus",
      "species": "florida",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Flowering Dogwood",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Spring bracts, red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native understory classic; site in part shade for health.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before bud break — typically February to March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light corrective pruning of crossing or damaged branches acceptable in summer.",
          "notes": "Minimal pruning required for mature trees beyond corrective work. Young trees benefit from light structural pruning to establish a single central leader or strong scaffold branching. Avoid heavy pruning — dogwood tolerates it poorly, with wounds slow to compartmentalize and prone to canker entry. Bleeding from cuts is normal in late winter but ceases as new growth emerges."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Dogwood borer",
            "description": "Galleries beneath bark on trunk and major branches, with sawdust pushed from small holes. Affected branches wilt and die back. Stressed and wounded trees most susceptible — physical trunk damage from string trimmers and mower contact is the most common entry point. The signature dogwood pest of the eastern US."
          },
          {
            "name": "Dogwood sawfly",
            "description": "Yellowish-green caterpillars feeding in groups on foliage, skeletonizing leaves. Typically appears in late summer when damage is most cosmetic. Trees recover; rarely affects tree health."
          },
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy or waxy growths on twigs and branches; honeydew and sooty mold below. Heavy infestations cause branch dieback in stressed trees."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva)",
            "description": "Tan-to-brown leaf spots with purple borders, progressing to leaf curling and shoot dieback. Twig and branch cankers follow on severely affected trees; whole-tree decline over 3–5 years possible in pressure-heavy areas. Established throughout the eastern US, with pressure heaviest in cool moist mountain regions and shaded forest-edge sites. Drought-stressed and sun-exposed trees are typically less affected — the disease favors cool wet conditions. Cherokee Princess, Cherokee Chief, and Cherokee Brave are reasonably resistant cultivars."
          },
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on new growth in spring. Pressure heaviest in shade and crowded plantings. Some Cherokee series cultivars bred for resistance."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spot anthracnose",
            "description": "Small reddish-purple spots on flower bracts and leaves. Cosmetic primarily; distinct from dogwood anthracnose (Discula). Pressure heaviest in wet springs."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native understory tree across the eastern US. Performs best in dappled shade at woodland edges — full sun increases drought stress and borer susceptibility; deep shade reduces bloom. Tolerates clay soils if drainage is adequate; intolerant of compacted urban soil and reflected pavement heat. Mulched root zones significantly outperform turf at the base. Surface roots prefer cool, undisturbed conditions. The species form blooms white; pink (Rubra), red (Cherokee Chief), and weeping (Pendula) cultivars expand the design palette. Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) is the anthracnose-resistant alternative species — different bloom timing (later), different mature form (more vase-shaped).",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Anthracnose pressure moderate in shaded plantings; resistant cultivars preferred.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Anthracnose pressure heavy in cool moist sites; borer pressure significant on stressed trees.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Anthracnose pressure heavy; native populations devastated in some regions.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Anthracnose pressure moderate; borer pressure heavy on suburban plantings.",
          "PNW": "Anthracnose pressure heavy in coastal conditions; performs better in inland sites."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 22,
      "botanicalName": "Cornus kousa",
      "genus": "Cornus",
      "species": "kousa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Kousa Dogwood",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Later bloom, anthracnose resistance",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tougher than native dogwood; common upgrade."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 23,
      "botanicalName": "Cercis canadensis",
      "genus": "Cercis",
      "species": "canadensis",
      "cultivar": "Forest Pansy",
      "commonName": "Eastern Redbud",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Magenta spring flowers on bare wood",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; purple-leaf and weeping cultivars widely sold.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after bloom — typically April through early May, depending on region.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light corrective pruning of crossing or dead branches acceptable in summer or fall.",
          "notes": "Blooms on old wood. Pruning during dormancy removes flower buds and reduces the following spring's bloom display. Young trees benefit from structural pruning to establish a single leader or multi-trunk form intentionally — left alone, they tend to form weak multi-trunk structures with included bark."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Two-marked treehopper",
            "description": "Slits in twigs and small branches where females insert eggs; weakened branches may snap in storms. White waxy egg masses visible in fall and winter. Damage is primarily structural rather than vigor-related."
          },
          {
            "name": "Redbud leaffolder",
            "description": "Folded or rolled leaves stuck together with silk, caterpillar visible inside. Cosmetic damage; rarely affects tree health."
          },
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy or waxy growths on twigs and branches; honeydew and sooty mold on bark and leaves below. Heavy infestations cause branch dieback in stressed trees."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Botryosphaeria canker",
            "description": "Sunken, discolored bark patches on branches and trunk; affected branches wilt and die back. Common opportunistic pathogen on stressed redbuds — drought, transplant stress, and mechanical injury all increase susceptibility. Diagnostic tell: cracked or peeling bark over dark internal wood when a dying branch is sectioned."
          },
          {
            "name": "Verticillium wilt",
            "description": "One-sided branch dieback and wilt; vascular streaking in cut sapwood. Soil-borne and effectively incurable. Avoid replanting redbud in soil where another verticillium-susceptible tree (maple, smoke tree) has died."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leaf anthracnose",
            "description": "Irregular brown blotches on leaves in cool wet springs. Cosmetic; trees re-foliate."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to the eastern US and one of the most reliable native ornamental trees in the landscape trade. Tolerates clay soils, partial shade, and urban conditions. Native trees do best — Western strains (Cercis canadensis var. texensis) for the Plains and Southwest perform far better than Eastern stock in those regions. Surface roots are shallow; avoid cultivation near the base. Short-lived for a tree (typical 30–50 year landscape lifespan); decline in old age is normal. White-flowered (Alba), pink-flowered (Forest Pansy with purple foliage), and weeping (Lavender Twist) cultivars expand the design palette.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Botryosphaeria pressure moderate on stressed trees; reliable understory tree.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Trade standard for spring ornamental color.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Verticillium pressure occasional.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Texas redbud variety performs significantly better than Eastern stock.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Marginal at higher elevations; Western strains preferred."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 24,
      "botanicalName": "Prunus x yedoensis",
      "genus": "Prunus",
      "species": "x yedoensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Yoshino Cherry",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 25,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Cloud of pale pink spring bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The standard flowering cherry for the region."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 25,
      "botanicalName": "Prunus serrulata",
      "genus": "Prunus",
      "species": "serrulata",
      "cultivar": "Kwanzan",
      "commonName": "Kwanzan Cherry",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 25,
      "heightMaxFt": 35,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Double pink pompom flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common upright pink-flowering cherry."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 26,
      "botanicalName": "Malus",
      "genus": "Malus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Flowering Crabapple",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Spring bloom, fall fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Choose disease-resistant cultivars for the humid Southeast.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter before bud break — typically February through early March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light water-sprout removal in mid-summer.",
          "notes": "Remove water sprouts (vertical shoots) from interior. Thin crossing branches. Maintain open vase or rounded form. Disease-resistant cultivars (Prairifire, Sugar Tyme, Adirondack) reduce annual maintenance significantly."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Japanese beetle",
            "description": "Skeletonized foliage in mid-summer. Heavy in Midwest."
          },
          {
            "name": "Apple maggot",
            "description": "Tunneling in fruit. Cosmetic — ornamental crabapples are not grown for harvest."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth; curled leaves. Cosmetic."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Apple scab",
            "description": "Olive-green-to-brown spots on leaves, progressing to yellowing and premature defoliation by mid-summer. The defining disease — scab-susceptible cultivars lose all their leaves by August annually. Scab-resistant cultivars eliminate this problem entirely."
          },
          {
            "name": "Fire blight",
            "description": "Blackened shoot tips in shepherd's crook form. Prune out 12 inches below visible infection; sanitize tools."
          },
          {
            "name": "Cedar-apple rust",
            "description": "Orange spots on leaves when eastern red cedar is nearby. Resistant cultivars available."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Small ornamental tree with spectacular spring bloom (white, pink, red), persistent fruit (attracts birds), and fall color. Cultivar selection is EVERYTHING — scab-susceptible cultivars are maintenance nightmares; resistant cultivars (Prairifire, Sugar Tyme, Adirondack, Spring Snow) are among the best small flowering trees. 2-3 weeks of spring bloom rivals cherry blossoms.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Reliable; cold-hardy; scab-resistant cultivars essential.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Widely planted; Japanese beetle and scab pressure.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Reliable; scab and fire blight pressure.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Reliable; widely planted.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Reliable; scab pressure lower in dry climate."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 27,
      "botanicalName": "Magnolia grandiflora",
      "genus": "Magnolia",
      "species": "grandiflora",
      "cultivar": "Little Gem",
      "commonName": "Southern Magnolia (dwarf)",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large white fragrant flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Little Gem is the workhorse compact form for screening.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Minimal pruning required. Remove dead branches anytime.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping or limbing up in late winter to early spring, before active growth resumes.",
          "notes": "Resents heavy pruning — natural pyramidal form is the strongest structural form. Limbing up to expose the trunk creates a permanent gap because magnolia does not bud reliably from old wood. Leaves drop continuously throughout the year (not in one fall flush), which clients unfamiliar with the species often misread as decline. The continuous leaf drop is normal and is the species' actual maintenance burden in suburban landscapes."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Magnolia scale",
            "description": "Large soft brown or pinkish scales on twigs and undersides of branches — among the largest scale insects in the landscape, up to 1/2 inch across. Heavy honeydew and sooty mold on lower foliage and underlying surfaces. Pressure most common on stressed or recently transplanted trees."
          },
          {
            "name": "Magnolia leafminer",
            "description": "Pale serpentine trails inside leaves. Cosmetic only; rarely affects tree health."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Algal leaf spot (Cephaleuros virescens)",
            "description": "Round, raised, velvety green-to-orange spots on leaf surfaces. Caused by a parasitic alga rather than a fungus — a distinguishing identification point. Cosmetic primarily; heavy infections in humid Southern conditions can stress trees but rarely cause significant decline."
          },
          {
            "name": "Verticillium wilt",
            "description": "Branch dieback and vascular streaking. Less common on magnolia than on maple but possible in soils with prior verticillium history."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Iconic Southern tree, evergreen, fragrant blooms in late spring and early summer. Specimen cultivars vary significantly: Little Gem (compact, 20 ft, prolific bloom) is the most-planted cultivar nationally and a different design plant from the species form (60–80 ft tall). Bracken's Brown Beauty, D.D. Blanchard, and Edith Bogue are the cold-hardier cultivars valued in zones 6b–7a. Bronze leaf undersides (D.D. Blanchard, Bracken's) versus green undersides distinguishes most cultivars at a glance. Surface roots are extensive at maturity. Continuous leaf drop accumulates under the canopy and is one of the main reasons mulched root zones outperform turf under southern magnolia.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Iconic regional tree; algal leaf spot common (cosmetic).",
          "GULF-COAST": "Iconic; algal leaf spot heavy in humid conditions.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Cold-hardy cultivars (Bracken's, Edith Bogue) reliable to zone 6b.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Performs in protected sites; cold damage in severe winters.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Reliable; iconic Southern presence.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Common in landscape design; scale pressure moderate."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 28,
      "botanicalName": "Magnolia x soulangeana",
      "genus": "Magnolia",
      "species": "x soulangeana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Saucer Magnolia",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large pink-purple cups before leaves",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Frost can nip blooms but still widely planted."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 29,
      "botanicalName": "Magnolia virginiana",
      "genus": "Magnolia",
      "species": "virginiana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sweetbay Magnolia",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 35,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Lemon-scented flowers, wet tolerant",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; good for wet edges."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 30,
      "botanicalName": "Acer palmatum",
      "genus": "Acer",
      "species": "palmatum",
      "cultivar": "Bloodgood",
      "commonName": "Japanese Maple",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Foliage color and texture",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Premium residential specimen; huge cultivar range.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late summer through early fall — July through September — when sap movement is lowest and cut wounds heal cleanly.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light corrective pruning of dead or crossing branches acceptable in winter; expect minor sap bleed from late-winter cuts.",
          "notes": "Japanese maple pruning is more aesthetic art than corrective work — selective removal of crossing or downward-growing branches to reveal the natural layered structure. Never top, never shear. Laceleaf weeping cultivars (dissectum varieties) require thinning to maintain the cascading form; otherwise interior branches die out from lack of light. Stress-related dieback follows heavy pruning; light annual touches significantly outperform aggressive correction."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy or waxy growths on twigs and branches. Honeydew and sooty mold follow on lower foliage. Cottony cushion scale, oystershell scale, and Japanese maple scale are all reported; heavy infestations cause branch dieback on stressed trees."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring. Heavy populations distort leaves and produce honeydew that drips onto surfaces below — a frequent complaint when Japanese maples are sited over patios or driveways."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling and bronzing on foliage in hot dry conditions, particularly on trees in full afternoon sun siting. Webbing on leaf undersides at heavy infestation."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Verticillium wilt",
            "description": "Sudden one-sided branch dieback and wilt in mid-summer. Vascular streaking visible when bark is peeled back on a dying branch — dark olive-green to brown discoloration. Soil-borne and effectively incurable. Avoid replanting Japanese maple in soil where another verticillium-susceptible tree has died."
          },
          {
            "name": "Anthracnose",
            "description": "Irregular brown blotches on foliage in cool wet springs. Trees re-foliate; cosmetic primarily."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leaf scorch",
            "description": "Brown crispy margins on leaves in mid-to-late summer, particularly on trees in full sun or windy sites. Not strictly a disease — abiotic stress from heat, drought, and wind. Common in suburban plantings sited without consideration of afternoon shade and wind protection."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "High-end specimen tree across temperate North America. Performs best in dappled shade with afternoon protection — full sun produces leaf scorch on most cultivars, particularly in the South. Cultivar choice drives long-term success: Bloodgood for reliable red upright form, Sango Kaku for coral bark, Crimson Queen and Tamukeyama for weeping laceleaf, Emperor One for southern heat tolerance, Seiryu for upright laceleaf. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 5b; struggles in zone 4 except in protected microclimates. Surface roots are shallow — mulched root zones outperform turf at the base. Resents transplanting once established; site selection at planting is the long-term decision.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Trade staple specimen; verticillium pressure moderate.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Reliable; cold-hardy cultivars selected.",
          "PNW": "Climate-ideal — Pacific Northwest produces the best Japanese maple plantings nationally.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Heat-tolerant cultivars required; leaf scorch common in full-sun siting.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Reliable; verticillium pressure in former maple soils."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 31,
      "botanicalName": "Acer palmatum dissectum",
      "genus": "Acer",
      "species": "palmatum",
      "cultivar": "Crimson Queen",
      "commonName": "Laceleaf Japanese Maple",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Weeping dissected foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Cascading specimen for entries and courtyards."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 32,
      "botanicalName": "Chionanthus virginicus",
      "genus": "Chionanthus",
      "species": "virginicus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "White Fringetree",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 12,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 12,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fleecy white spring flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; underused but available."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 33,
      "botanicalName": "Vitex agnus-castus",
      "genus": "Vitex",
      "species": "agnus-castus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Chaste Tree",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Blue-purple summer flower spikes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Tough, pollinator-friendly small tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 34,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex x attenuata",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "x attenuata",
      "cultivar": "Fosteri",
      "commonName": "Foster Holly",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Narrow pyramid, red berries",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Standard evergreen accent/screen tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 35,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex x",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Nellie R. Stevens",
      "commonName": "Nellie R. Stevens Holly",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense pyramid, heavy berry set",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The default fast evergreen screen in this market."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 36,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex opaca",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "opaca",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "American Holly",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 25,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Classic holly form and berries",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; slower but long-lived."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 37,
      "botanicalName": "Cryptomeria japonica",
      "genus": "Cryptomeria",
      "species": "japonica",
      "cultivar": "Yoshino",
      "commonName": "Japanese Cedar",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Soft pyramidal evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Leyland alternative for screening."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 38,
      "botanicalName": "Cupressocyparis leylandii",
      "genus": "x Cupressocyparis",
      "species": "leylandii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Leyland Cypress",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast dense screen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Ubiquitous screen; overplanted and prone to bagworm/canker."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 39,
      "botanicalName": "Thuja x",
      "genus": "Thuja",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Green Giant",
      "commonName": "Green Giant Arborvitae",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 18,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast dense screen, disease resistant",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The current default fast screen, replacing Leyland.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late spring or early summer after new growth has flushed — May through July.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shearing acceptable late summer; avoid late-fall pruning that pushes tender growth before winter.",
          "notes": "Do not cut into old wood — arborvitae will not re-bud from bare brown wood inside the canopy. Maintain shape by shearing the green outer layer only. Topping mature specimens creates a permanent flat-top that does not heal — clients often request this and need to be advised against it. Skirts (lower branches) lifted off the ground for clearance never regenerate."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Bagworm",
            "description": "Spindle-shaped silk bags 1–2 inches long, camouflaged with bits of host foliage. Mature bags hang like ornaments from branches. Larvae inside feed and defoliate; heavy infestations strip entire branches and can kill smaller plants. Hand-removal in winter eliminates the next year's brood. Pressure heaviest in Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, moderate in Midwest."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Stippled and bronzed foliage, particularly on lower branches in hot dry sites. Webbing visible at heavy infestation. Heat-stressed plants most susceptible."
          },
          {
            "name": "Deer",
            "description": "Moderate browsing pressure in winter on accessible lower foliage; rarely defoliates established plants but can disfigure formal hedges."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline and dieback in waterlogged sites or heavy clay soils with poor drainage. Once established, root rot is essentially terminal on arborvitae. Site selection (well-drained soil) prevents the problem; remediation is rarely successful."
          },
          {
            "name": "Tip blight",
            "description": "Browning of branch tips, progressing inward. Usually environmental (winter desiccation, late frost damage) rather than pathogenic, though Pestalotiopsis and Phomopsis fungi can opportunistically follow stress damage."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "The dominant fast-growing privacy hedge of the eastern US and Pacific Northwest, replacing Leyland Cypress as the trade default after Leyland's seiridium canker problems became widespread. Grows 3–5 ft per year in optimal conditions, reaching 30–40 ft at maturity. Reliable in zones 5–9; significantly more cold-hardy than Leyland cypress. Wants full sun and good drainage. Often planted too close together — true spacing for solid screen is 5–7 ft on center, not the 3 ft frequently used at planting. Salt-tolerant enough for highway corridors but not coastal beachfront conditions.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Trade default for privacy screening; bagworm pressure heavy.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Reliable; bagworm pressure heavy late summer.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Cold-hardy; reliable; deer pressure moderate.",
          "PNW": "Reliable in well-drained sites.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Trade workhorse; bagworm pressure significant.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Cold-hardy at lower elevations; reliable."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 40,
      "botanicalName": "Juniperus virginiana",
      "genus": "Juniperus",
      "species": "virginiana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Eastern Red Cedar",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Drought-tough native evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; tolerates poor dry soil."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 41,
      "botanicalName": "Morella cerifera",
      "genus": "Morella",
      "species": "cerifera",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Wax Myrtle",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 12,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast informal evergreen screen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; grown as large shrub or limbed-up small tree.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Hedge maintenance through growing season as needed.",
          "notes": "Fast-growing; can add 3-5 ft per year in optimal conditions. Responds well to formal hedging but naturally forms a loose, multi-trunk small tree to 15-20 ft. Often used as a fast privacy screen. Can be limbed up as a small patio tree with attractive light gray bark."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Wax myrtle scale",
            "description": "White waxy lumps on stems and branches. Can be heavy; causes branch dieback in stressed plants."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring. Honeydew and sooty mold. Generally cosmetic."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in poorly draining heavy clay soils. Tolerates wet conditions better than most but prolonged waterlogging causes decline."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native evergreen shrub/small tree with aromatic foliage (crush a leaf for the waxy-spicy scent that identifies the species). Bayberry-scented wax on fruit was historically used for candle-making. Nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Extremely fast privacy screen — one of the fastest-growing native evergreens.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Native; fast screen; reliable.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Native; salt-tolerant; excellent coastal screen.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Native; reliable; salt-tolerant.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Native; fast-growing; reliable.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Reliable; less common than in north Florida.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Marginal — cold hardiness limit in northern portion.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Native; reliable in coastal and piedmont sites."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 42,
      "botanicalName": "Prunus caroliniana",
      "genus": "Prunus",
      "species": "caroliniana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Carolina Cherry Laurel",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense fast evergreen screen",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; common hedge and screen, also sold as tree form."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 43,
      "botanicalName": "Ligustrum japonicum",
      "genus": "Ligustrum",
      "species": "japonicum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Waxleaf Privet / Ligustrum",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy dense foliage, fast screen",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Workhorse screening shrub; also sold as tree form."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 44,
      "botanicalName": "Photinia x fraseri",
      "genus": "Photinia",
      "species": "x fraseri",
      "cultivar": "Red Robin",
      "commonName": "Red Tip Photinia",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bright red new growth",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Still sold heavily despite leaf-spot susceptibility."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 45,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum odoratissimum",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "odoratissimum",
      "cultivar": "Awabuki",
      "commonName": "Sweet Viburnum",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large glossy leaves, fast screen",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Top screening shrub where hardy; very common."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 46,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum tinus",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "tinus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Laurustinus Viburnum",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Pink buds, white winter bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Compact evergreen viburnum for foundations and hedges."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 47,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum suspensum",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "suspensum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sandankwa Viburnum",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense informal evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common warm-zone hedge shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 48,
      "botanicalName": "Camellia japonica",
      "genus": "Camellia",
      "species": "japonica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Camellia (Japonica)",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large winter-spring flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Southern classic; broad cultivar/color range."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 49,
      "botanicalName": "Camellia sasanqua",
      "genus": "Camellia",
      "species": "sasanqua",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Camellia (Sasanqua)",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fall bloom, sun tolerant",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "More sun- and cold-tolerant than japonica; great hedge or espalier.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after bloom — typically January to March depending on bloom timing.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping through summer acceptable; avoid late-fall pruning that pushes tender growth before winter.",
          "notes": "Light selective pruning is the right approach — sasanqua resents heavy shearing. Sasanqua blooms fall through winter (October–February), distinguishing it from C. japonica which blooms late winter through spring. Both can be pruned after their bloom flush ends; pruning before bloom removes the flower display. Removal of crossing interior branches improves air circulation and reduces leaf disease pressure."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Tea scale",
            "description": "White-and-brown elongated scales clustered on undersides of leaves; affected leaves develop yellow blotches on the top surface above the scale colonies. Severe infestations defoliate plants. The defining scale pest of camellia in the Southeast — pressure heaviest on plants in poor air circulation and sites with overcrowded interior branching."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring. Cosmetic; plants outgrow."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Camellia petal blight",
            "description": "Sudden browning and soft-rot of flower petals; affected blooms collapse within 24–48 hours. Caused by Ciborinia camelliae fungus that overwinters in fallen petals beneath plantings. Sanitation — removal of all fallen petals from the soil surface — is the only effective cultural control. Pressure heavy in cool wet springs throughout the South. Affects bloom display only; plant health unaffected."
          },
          {
            "name": "Algal leaf spot",
            "description": "Round, raised, velvety green-to-orange spots on leaf surfaces. Caused by parasitic alga, not fungus. Cosmetic primarily; heavy infections may stress plants in humid Southern conditions."
          },
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in waterlogged sites. Camellia prefers moist but well-drained acidic soil; wet feet conditions are the most common decline cause."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Iconic Southern broadleaf evergreen, with sasanqua and japonica filling different bloom seasons (fall-winter and late winter-spring respectively). Prefers acidic soil (pH 5.5–6.5), filtered shade or morning sun with afternoon shade, and well-drained soil. Sasanqua tolerates more sun than japonica; both struggle in full afternoon sun in the Lower South. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 7a; cold-hardy hybrids (April Series, Winter Series) extend the range to zone 6 in protected sites. Chlorosis (yellow leaves with green veins) signals alkaline soil. Shibori Egao, Yuletide, and Setsugekka are trade-standard sasanqua cultivars.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Trade staple; tea scale pressure heavy in shaded sites.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; petal blight chronic in cool wet springs.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Workhorse evergreen; algal leaf spot common (cosmetic).",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable in coastal Mediterranean conditions.",
          "PNW": "Performs well; algal leaf spot moderate in wet conditions."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 50,
      "botanicalName": "Illicium floridanum",
      "genus": "Illicium",
      "species": "floridanum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Florida Anise",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Aromatic foliage, shade screen",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; reliable evergreen for shade."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 51,
      "botanicalName": "Ternstroemia gymnanthera",
      "genus": "Ternstroemia",
      "species": "gymnanthera",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Cleyera",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy bronze-tipped foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common foundation and screen shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 52,
      "botanicalName": "Osmanthus fragrans",
      "genus": "Osmanthus",
      "species": "fragrans",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Fragrant Tea Olive",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intensely fragrant tiny flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall, Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Beloved fragrant evergreen; large hedge or small tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 53,
      "botanicalName": "Osmanthus heterophyllus",
      "genus": "Osmanthus",
      "species": "heterophyllus",
      "cultivar": "Goshiki",
      "commonName": "Holly Tea Olive",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Holly-like foliage, variegated forms",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Holly substitute; Goshiki adds variegation."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 54,
      "botanicalName": "Loropetalum chinense",
      "genus": "Loropetalum",
      "species": "chinense",
      "cultivar": "Ruby",
      "commonName": "Chinese Fringe Flower",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Burgundy foliage, pink fringe bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Everywhere in the Southeast; many sizes from dwarf to large.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after spring bloom — typically April to early May.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping in mid-summer; avoid heavy pruning after August.",
          "notes": "Frequently planted under windows or near walkways without regard for mature size — the species form reaches 10–15 ft. tall and wide despite being labeled as a foundation shrub in the trade. Dwarf cultivars (Purple Pixie, Crimson Fire, Purple Diamond) hold compact 3–5 ft. mature size. Right-sizing the cultivar to the site at planting prevents the annual hard-prune-to-control-size cycle that ruins natural form."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling and bronzing on foliage in hot dry conditions, particularly on plants in full afternoon sun. Webbing visible at heavy infestation. Pressure heaviest in summer drought periods."
          },
          {
            "name": "Florida wax scale",
            "description": "White waxy lumps on twigs and underbranches. Honeydew and sooty mold below. Heavy infestations cause branch dieback in stressed plants."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in waterlogged sites or heavy poorly draining clay soils. Loropetalum tolerates dry conditions but is intolerant of wet feet, especially when established irrigation is set for adjacent water-loving plants."
          },
          {
            "name": "Chlorosis",
            "description": "Yellow leaves with green veins signal alkaline soil or iron deficiency — Loropetalum is acid-soil-loving and chlorosis is common when planted in limed or naturally alkaline soils."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Workhorse evergreen shrub across the Southeast and Gulf Coast with distinctive purple-to-burgundy foliage and pink-to-magenta strap-like flowers. Originally introduced from China in the 1880s as a green-foliaged plant; the purple-foliaged cultivars (Burgundy, Plum Delight, Sizzling Pink) drove its rise to trade-staple status in the 1990s. Tolerates full sun in the Southeast; performs best in slightly acidic, well-drained soil. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 7b; marginal in zone 7a where dieback to the ground in hard winters is typical. Resents constant heavy shearing into formal shapes — natural irregular form is the strongest structural form.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Trade workhorse; mite pressure on stressed plants.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; scale pressure moderate.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Reliable; size management chronic issue with species form.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Performs well in acidic-amended sites; alkaline soil chlorosis common.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable in coastal Mediterranean climate."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 55,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex cornuta",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "cornuta",
      "cultivar": "Dwarf Burford",
      "commonName": "Dwarf Burford Holly",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy foliage, red berries",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Reliable foundation and hedge holly."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 56,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex vomitoria",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "vomitoria",
      "cultivar": "Nana",
      "commonName": "Dwarf Yaupon Holly",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine-textured, shears tightly",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Boxwood alternative; bulletproof low hedge.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth flushes.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shearing through the growing season to maintain formal shapes; avoid late-fall shearing that pushes tender growth before winter.",
          "notes": "Dwarf cultivars (Schillings, Stokes, Nana) hold tight rounded form with minimal pruning. The species form is much larger (15–20 ft) and trains into a small multi-trunk tree — different plant entirely. Pruning out of season produces flushing on the cut surfaces and a ragged appearance."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Florida wax scale",
            "description": "White waxy-looking lumps on twigs and undersides of branches. Honeydew and sooty mold on foliage below. Heavy infestations cause branch dieback in stressed plants."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leafminer",
            "description": "Wavy tan trails inside leaves, often visible against bright light. Cosmetic only; rarely affects plant health."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline and dieback in waterlogged sites or heavy clay soils with poor drainage. Yaupon prefers well-drained soil — wet-feet conditions in landscape beds are the most common decline cause."
          },
          {
            "name": "Black sooty mold",
            "description": "Black coating on foliage following honeydew from scale or aphid feeding above. Diagnostic rather than primary — find the insect source above the mold."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to the Southeast, salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, and deer-resistant. Tolerates wet and dry soils, full sun to part shade. Female cultivars produce red berries through winter, valuable for wildlife; dwarf cultivars are typically male and non-bearing. Among the most reliable foundation evergreens in the Southeast and Gulf regions — the workhorse alternative to Japanese holly where boxwood blight or holly leafminer make those problematic. Pre-Columbian Indigenous peoples used the leaves to brew a caffeinated tea; the species epithet 'vomitoria' refers to ritual use, not a current concern in the landscape trade.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Universal workhorse; scale pressure on stressed plants.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; salt-tolerance valuable in coastal sites.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Native range; performs reliably.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Native range; drought workhorse.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat and drought reliable; recommended in xeriscape designs."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 57,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex crenata",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "crenata",
      "cultivar": "Compacta",
      "commonName": "Japanese Holly",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Boxwood-like, dark green",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common foundation shrub; dislikes wet feet."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 58,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex glabra",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "glabra",
      "cultivar": "Shamrock",
      "commonName": "Inkberry Holly",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Native boxwood alternative",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; tolerates wet sites better than most hollies."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 59,
      "botanicalName": "Prunus laurocerasus",
      "genus": "Prunus",
      "species": "laurocerasus",
      "cultivar": "Otto Luyken",
      "commonName": "Cherry Laurel (Otto Luyken)",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Low spreading glossy evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Standard low evergreen mass; Schipkaensis is the taller form."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 60,
      "botanicalName": "Distylium",
      "genus": "Distylium",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Vintage Jade",
      "commonName": "Distylium",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough, pest-free, wet/dry tolerant",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Winter",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Rising fast as a holly/boxwood/juniper replacement."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 61,
      "botanicalName": "Juniperus chinensis",
      "genus": "Juniperus",
      "species": "chinensis",
      "cultivar": "Sea Green",
      "commonName": "Chinese Juniper (upright)",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Arching evergreen, drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Sun- and drought-tolerant evergreen mass."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 62,
      "botanicalName": "Pittosporum tobira",
      "genus": "Pittosporum",
      "species": "tobira",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mock Orange / Pittosporum",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant flowers, salt tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common coastal hedge; marginal cold hardiness inland."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 63,
      "botanicalName": "Elaeagnus x ebbingei",
      "genus": "Elaeagnus",
      "species": "x ebbingei",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Elaeagnus / Silverberry",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast, drought and salt tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Aggressive fast screen; can escape cultivation."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 64,
      "botanicalName": "Buxus sempervirens",
      "genus": "Buxus",
      "species": "sempervirens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "American Boxwood",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Classic formal evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Formal hedge standard; watch for boxwood blight.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring, before new growth flushes — typically March in zones 7–8.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shearing in early summer after the first growth flush has hardened off. Avoid late-season pruning that pushes tender growth before winter.",
          "notes": "Selective thinning of interior branches improves air circulation and reduces blight pressure significantly more than surface shearing alone. Sheared-only boxwoods develop a dense outer canopy with dead interior — a classic blight-favoring pattern. Sanitize tools between plants in any boxwood blight-confirmed area."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Boxwood leafminer",
            "description": "Blistered, raised orange-yellow patches on leaf undersides. Mature leaves yellow and drop prematurely. Adult fly emerges in mid-spring at the same time as weigela bloom — a useful regional phenological cue."
          },
          {
            "name": "Boxwood mite",
            "description": "Bronzed stippling on upper leaf surfaces. Heavy infestations cause widespread bronzing and leaf drop, particularly in hot, dry, exposed sites. Often confused with winter desiccation or chlorosis."
          },
          {
            "name": "Boxwood psyllid",
            "description": "Cupped, distorted new growth in spring. White waxy nymphs visible inside cupped leaves. Cosmetic in most cases — plants outgrow damage."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata)",
            "description": "Dark circular leaf spots progressing to rapid defoliation, working from lower branches upward. The diagnostic tell is black streaking on green stems. Established and pressure heavy throughout the Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Pacific Northwest. Spreads on contaminated tools, gloves, clothing, and infected nursery stock — a quarantine-grade pathogen for any boxwood-producing nursery. NewGen series cultivars (Independence, Freedom) were bred specifically for resistance."
          },
          {
            "name": "Volutella blight",
            "description": "Orange-pink spore masses visible on undersides of dropped leaves and on dying twigs. Typically follows stress events: winter injury, drought, root damage, or improper pruning. Distinguishable from boxwood blight by the orange spore color and the gradual rather than rapid decline."
          },
          {
            "name": "Phytophthora root rot",
            "description": "Sudden chlorosis and decline in waterlogged or poorly draining sites. Roots are dark, brittle, and easily stripped from the woody core when pulled. No recovery once the root system collapses. Test soil drainage before replanting."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Shallow-rooted — mulch matters more than for most shrubs, and cultivation around the base causes root damage. Winter desiccation in zones 5–6 produces orange-bronze foliage that greens up in spring; this is not the same as blight. Specimen plantings in open exposed sites suffer more winter damage than mass plantings. Soil pH preference is 6.5–7.2 — chlorosis in acidic Southeast soils is common and often misdiagnosed as disease.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Blight pressure heavy; chlorosis common in untreated acidic clay.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Blight pressure heavy; leafminer chronic.",
          "PNW": "Blight pressure heavy — wet conditions favor it year-round.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Mite pressure heavy; blight rare.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Winter desiccation chronic in exposed sites."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 65,
      "botanicalName": "Buxus microphylla",
      "genus": "Buxus",
      "species": "microphylla",
      "cultivar": "Wintergreen",
      "commonName": "Wintergreen Boxwood",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Compact, holds winter color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The everyday low boxwood for foundations and parterres."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 66,
      "botanicalName": "Buxus x",
      "genus": "Buxus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Green Velvet",
      "commonName": "Green Velvet Boxwood",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tight rounded habit",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common dwarf boxwood for low hedging."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 67,
      "botanicalName": "Rhododendron",
      "genus": "Rhododendron",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Encore",
      "commonName": "Encore Azalea",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Reblooms spring + summer/fall",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring, Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Dominant modern azalea line; multiple seasons of bloom.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after the spring bloom flush — typically May.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping into July is acceptable; avoid heavy pruning after August as fall flower buds are setting.",
          "notes": "Encore series is the reblooming azalea hybrid group bred for spring + summer + fall bloom flushes. Spring bloom is on old wood; summer and fall bloom is on new wood. Heavy late-summer pruning sacrifices fall bloom. Reverts to evergreen rhododendron-style structural form if left unpruned; light annual shaping maintains the compact rounded shape clients expect."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Azalea lace bug",
            "description": "Stippled, bleached, silvery foliage from feeding on the undersides of leaves. Black tar-like fecal spots on leaf undersides are the diagnostic tell. Sun-exposed plantings suffer significantly more than shaded — full-sun sites are the highest-pressure conditions. The defining azalea pest of the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Stippling and bronzing in hot dry conditions; webbing on leaf undersides. Pressure heaviest in afternoon-sun siting."
          },
          {
            "name": "Azalea caterpillar",
            "description": "Yellow-and-black-striped caterpillars feeding in groups in late summer. Can defoliate single plants rapidly; plants typically recover but appearance is dramatically affected."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Phytophthora root rot",
            "description": "Sudden chlorosis, wilt, and decline in waterlogged or poorly draining sites. Roots are dark and brittle when affected plants are dug. Once established, terminal. Site drainage is the primary preventive — azalea is intolerant of wet feet, particularly in clay soils."
          },
          {
            "name": "Petal blight",
            "description": "Tan-to-brown irregular spots on flower petals that progress to soft-rot the entire bloom within hours in wet conditions. Cool wet spring weather is the trigger. Affects only the flowers; plant health unaffected."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leaf gall (Exobasidium)",
            "description": "Thick, fleshy, pale-green-to-pink galls on leaves and flower buds in spring. Galls eventually whiten and shed spores. Cosmetic primarily; hand-removal of galls before spore release reduces next year's pressure."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Encore Azalea (Rhododendron 'Robleso' and related hybrids) was developed by Robert E. 'Buddy' Lee in the 1990s and has dominated reblooming azalea sales since release. Prefers acidic soil (pH 4.5–6.0), filtered sun to morning sun with afternoon shade, and well-drained soil. Drought-stressed and full-sun-exposed plants suffer lace bug pressure dramatically. Chlorosis (yellow leaves with green veins) signals alkaline soil — soil testing before planting in unfamiliar soils prevents many decline calls.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Workhorse; lace bug pressure heavy in sun.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; lace bug pressure heavy.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Reliable; lace bug and Phytophthora moderate.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Alkaline soil chlorosis common; limited use.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Heat-tolerant in shaded sites; lace bug significant."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 68,
      "botanicalName": "Rhododendron indica",
      "genus": "Rhododendron",
      "species": "indica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Southern Indica Azalea",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Massive spring flower show",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Large old-line azalea for big spring color."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 69,
      "botanicalName": "Rhododendron kurume",
      "genus": "Rhododendron",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Kurume Azalea",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Compact dense spring bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Smaller-flowered compact azalea."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 70,
      "botanicalName": "Nandina domestica",
      "genus": "Nandina",
      "species": "domestica",
      "cultivar": "Firepower",
      "commonName": "Dwarf Nandina",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Red winter foliage, no fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Dwarf, fruitless cultivars avoid the invasive-seed problem of the species.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping anytime; avoid shearing into formal shapes — natural mounding form is the design intent.",
          "notes": "Dwarf cultivars (Firepower, Gulf Stream, Harbour Dwarf, Obsession) maintain compact 2-3 ft form with minimal pruning. Remove any reverting full-size canes at the base. Unlike species nandina, dwarf cultivars produce minimal fruit and are not considered invasive."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal pest pressure",
            "description": "One of the most pest-free foundation shrubs. Deer-resistant."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Nandina virus / leaf spot",
            "description": "Reddish-brown spots and distorted foliage. Uncommon but increasing in nursery stock."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Compact cultivars of Nandina domestica bred for residential foundation use. Firepower and Obsession turn brilliant red in winter. Gulf Stream holds a more upright green-to-red form. Extremely low-maintenance. Note: species-form nandina produces berries that are toxic to cedar waxwings and other birds — dwarf cultivars produce minimal fruit but the toxicity concern is worth noting in client conversations.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Workhorse foundation plant; winter color reliable.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Reliable; winter color good in zones 6b-7.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; less winter color in mild winters.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat-tolerant; reliable.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Reliable; cold-hardy through zone 6.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Reliable; salt-tolerant in protected sites.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable; minimal maintenance."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 71,
      "botanicalName": "Nandina domestica sp",
      "genus": "Nandina",
      "species": "domestica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Heavenly Bamboo (species)",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Berries + foliage color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Species form is invasive in the Southeast; berries toxic to birds. Prefer sterile cultivars."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 72,
      "botanicalName": "Abelia x grandiflora",
      "genus": "Abelia",
      "species": "x grandiflora",
      "cultivar": "Kaleidoscope",
      "commonName": "Glossy Abelia",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Long bloom, variegated foliage forms",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer, Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Long-blooming pollinator shrub; many compact cultivars."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 73,
      "botanicalName": "Raphiolepis indica",
      "genus": "Raphiolepis",
      "species": "indica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Indian Hawthorn",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Pink/white spring bloom, blue fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common low evergreen mass; watch leaf spot in humid years.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after spring bloom — typically April to early May.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping in mid-summer; avoid pruning into fall as flower buds set on next year's growth.",
          "notes": "Resents heavy formal shearing — natural rounded mounding form is the design intent and the strongest structural form. Repeated tight shearing into hedge form produces interior dead wood and increases entomosporium disease pressure significantly. Light selective pruning every other year is typical maintenance once plants are established."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Florida wax scale",
            "description": "White waxy lumps on twigs and underbranches. Honeydew and sooty mold on lower foliage."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring; cosmetic, plants outgrow."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Entomosporium leaf spot",
            "description": "Reddish-purple spots progressing to large brown blotches and significant leaf drop. Severe infections defoliate plants entirely by late summer. Pressure heavily correlated with overhead irrigation and sheared-canopy plantings with poor air circulation. The defining disease pressure on Indian hawthorn in the Southeast — has dramatically reduced the species' use in commercial landscape installs over the past two decades. Resistant cultivars (Eleanor Taber, Snow White, Olivia) selected through university breeding programs offer significantly reduced pressure."
          },
          {
            "name": "Fire blight",
            "description": "Sudden blackening and 'burned' appearance of new shoot tips and flower clusters. Affected tips curl into a shepherd's crook shape. Pressure variable; spreads in warm wet weather. Indian hawthorn is in the rose family along with apple and pear, all susceptible."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Mediterranean-climate workhorse evergreen shrub across the Southeast, Gulf Coast, California coast, and Desert Southwest. Salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, and tolerates poor soils. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 8a; marginal in 7b where dieback is common in hard winters. Full sun to part shade. Entomosporium pressure has made this plant a cautionary tale in the Southeast — once a trade staple, now increasingly replaced by Distylium and resistant Raphiolepis cultivars in new installations.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Entomosporium pressure heavy in commercial plantings.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Entomosporium pressure heavy in humid sites.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Salt-tolerant; reliable in coastal sites.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Reliable; heat-tolerant.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Mediterranean climate workhorse; reliable.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat-tolerant; entomosporium less pressure in dry conditions."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 74,
      "botanicalName": "Mahonia bealei",
      "genus": "Mahonia",
      "species": "bealei",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Leatherleaf Mahonia",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold foliage, yellow winter bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Architectural shade shrub; species can self-sow. Soft Caress is a sterile refined option."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 75,
      "botanicalName": "Aucuba japonica",
      "genus": "Aucuba",
      "species": "japonica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Aucuba / Gold Dust Plant",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tolerates deep shade, gold-speckled forms",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "One of the few reliable deep-shade evergreens."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 76,
      "botanicalName": "Fatsia japonica",
      "genus": "Fatsia",
      "species": "japonica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Fatsia / Japanese Aralia",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold tropical-looking foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Coarse-texture shade accent."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 77,
      "botanicalName": "Itea virginica",
      "genus": "Itea",
      "species": "virginica",
      "cultivar": "Henry's Garnet",
      "commonName": "Virginia Sweetspire",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White flower spikes, red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; great for wet areas and massing."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 78,
      "botanicalName": "Pieris japonica",
      "genus": "Pieris",
      "species": "japonica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Japanese Pieris",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Pendant white spring flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Acid-loving shade shrub; needs good drainage."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 79,
      "botanicalName": "Hydrangea macrophylla",
      "genus": "Hydrangea",
      "species": "macrophylla",
      "cultivar": "Endless Summer",
      "commonName": "Bigleaf Hydrangea",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Big mophead blooms, color shifts with pH",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Reblooming cultivars are the modern volume seller.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after bloom — typically late July or early August.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Reblooming cultivars (Endless Summer, Penny Mac, BloomStruck) bloom on both old and new wood; light removal of obviously dead wood in early spring is acceptable for these only.",
          "notes": "Traditional H. macrophylla blooms exclusively on old wood. Late-fall or early-spring pruning removes the flower buds and produces a green plant that won't bloom that year — the single most common 'why didn't my hydrangea bloom?' diagnostic call. Cut spent flowers back to the first pair of strong buds below the bloom. Do not cut to the ground except across multiple seasons to renovate an aged plant."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring. Cosmetic — plants outgrow damage without intervention."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling and bronzing in hot, dry conditions, particularly in afternoon-sun siting. Fine webbing on leaf undersides at heavy infestation. Often mistaken for nutrient deficiency."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Cercospora leaf spot",
            "description": "Circular tan-to-brown spots with purple halos, starting on lower leaves and progressing upward through the season. Cosmetic but disfiguring late in the growing season. Heavy in humid Southeast and Gulf Coast regions."
          },
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on upper leaf surfaces. More common in shaded sites with poor air movement. Pressure varies dramatically by cultivar."
          },
          {
            "name": "Botrytis (gray mold)",
            "description": "Fuzzy gray-brown patches on flowers, especially in cool wet springs. Affects bloom quality and shortens bloom display; rarely affects plant health."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Bloom color in pink/blue cultivars is pH-driven — acidic soil (below pH 6) yields blue, alkaline soil (above pH 6.5) yields pink, transitional pH produces mixed colors on the same plant. White cultivars do not shift color. Mid-day wilt in full sun, even with adequate water, is normal and recovers overnight; persistent wilt indicates root stress or excessive heat. Cold-zone (5–6) bloom failure is typically winter bud kill rather than pruning error — siting with afternoon shade and winter wind protection improves bud survival.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Cercospora chronic late summer; bloom blue without amendment.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Cercospora and mildew both heavy; humidity-driven.",
          "PNW": "Near-ideal climate; bloom production exceptional.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Winter bud kill chronic — reblooming cultivars perform far better.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Survives only in heavily shaded, irrigated sites; not a regional standard."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 80,
      "botanicalName": "Hydrangea paniculata",
      "genus": "Hydrangea",
      "species": "paniculata",
      "cultivar": "Limelight",
      "commonName": "Panicle Hydrangea",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large cone blooms, sun tolerant",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Most sun- and cold-tolerant hydrangea; Limelight is the standard.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth — typically February through March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "None required.",
          "notes": "Critical distinction from bigleaf hydrangea (H. macrophylla): panicle hydrangea blooms on NEW wood. Spring pruning encourages bigger blooms and stronger flowering — the opposite of macrophylla. Cut back to 18–24 inches above the ground annually for largest blooms; lighter pruning produces more but smaller flower panicles. Limelight, Quick Fire, and Pinky Winky are the dominant trade cultivars; smaller cultivars (Little Lime, Bobo) are sized for foundation planting."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring; cosmetic, plants outgrow damage."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling and bronzing in hot dry conditions. Less common on panicle hydrangea than on bigleaf; reasonable heat tolerance limits stress-driven susceptibility."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Bacterial leaf spot",
            "description": "Angular brown spots bounded by leaf veins. Cool wet weather favors development. Cosmetic primarily; rarely affects bloom or plant health."
          },
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on upper leaf surfaces in late summer, particularly in shaded sites with poor air movement. Generally minor."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "The most cold-hardy and sun-tolerant of the common landscape hydrangeas — zones 3–8, tolerates full sun in nearly every region. Largest of the commonly planted hydrangeas; standard cultivars reach 10–15 ft if unpruned, smaller cultivars 3–5 ft. Bloom color does not shift with soil pH (unlike macrophylla). Flowers age from white to pink to deep rose-pink in fall — a key design feature. Stems can flop under heavy bloom load if over-fertilized; modest fertilization produces sturdier stems. Tree-form (standard) panicle hydrangeas are increasingly popular — same plant trained to a single trunk.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Cold-hardy workhorse; reliable bloom; pest pressure minimal.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Trade standard for sun-tolerant hydrangea; pressure minimal.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Reliable; mildew pressure light.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Cold-hardy; reliable in higher zones.",
          "PNW": "Reliable; bacterial leaf spot pressure moderate in wet springs."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 81,
      "botanicalName": "Hydrangea quercifolia",
      "genus": "Hydrangea",
      "species": "quercifolia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Oakleaf Hydrangea",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Oak-shaped leaves, burgundy fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; four-season interest, very common."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 82,
      "botanicalName": "Hydrangea arborescens",
      "genus": "Hydrangea",
      "species": "arborescens",
      "cultivar": "Annabelle",
      "commonName": "Smooth Hydrangea",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Huge white globe flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; reliable bloomer, cut to ground each winter."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 83,
      "botanicalName": "Rosa x",
      "genus": "Rosa",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Knock Out",
      "commonName": "Knock Out Rose",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Continuous low-maintenance bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The default landscape rose; disease tolerant, self-cleaning.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter, after forsythia bloom but before bud break — typically late February through mid-March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Mid-season tidy after the first heavy bloom flush. Deadheading is optional — the plant reblooms regardless.",
          "notes": "Cut back to roughly one-third to one-half of mature size for annual maintenance. Remove crossing canes and any canes showing rose rosette symptoms (see pathogens) at the base, and sanitize tools between cuts on different plants. Older plants benefit from removing one or two oldest canes to ground level each year to encourage basal renewal."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Japanese beetle",
            "description": "Heavy summer damage to foliage and blooms, particularly in Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions. Skeletonized leaves and shredded flowers. Adults emerge in late June into July; populations cycle annually based on prior-year grub conditions in nearby turf."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring; cosmetic, plants outgrow."
          },
          {
            "name": "Rose midge",
            "description": "Blackened, deformed flower buds that never open. Tiny maggots inside buds. Pressure varies regionally; can suppress bloom entirely on susceptible plantings."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Rose rosette virus (RRV)",
            "description": "Diagnostic symptoms include excessive thorniness on new canes (canes covered in tiny soft thorns), witch's broom proliferation of distorted shoots, reddened or 'rubbery' new growth that doesn't harden off, and elongated buds that fail to open. Spread by a microscopic eriophyid mite. Confirmed in every continental US region. There is no cure — affected plants are typically removed, including the root system, to prevent spread to neighboring roses. This disease has fundamentally changed how Knock Out plantings perform across the country since 2010."
          },
          {
            "name": "Black spot",
            "description": "Circular black spots with fringed margins on leaves, progressing to yellowing and defoliation working from the bottom of the plant up. Knock Out cultivars are moderately resistant but disease pressure overwhelms varietal resistance in humid regions and on aged plants."
          },
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on new growth in late spring and early summer. Worse in shaded sites and on plants under irrigation stress."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Originally marketed as 'disease-resistant.' That claim was accurate for black spot at introduction in 2000; rose rosette virus has changed the practical picture entirely. Inspect plantings every two to three weeks for rosette symptoms during the growing season. Tolerates poor soil, drought, and heat once established. Full sun produces best bloom and disease resistance. Avoid interplanting with multiflora rose (the wild RRV reservoir) where possible.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "RRV widespread — wholesale replacement of established plantings common.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "RRV widespread; Japanese beetle also heavy.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "RRV widespread; summer heat compounds stress.",
          "DESERT-SW": "RRV less common; heat stress is the larger management issue.",
          "PNW": "RRV present but lower pressure; black spot the more frequent issue."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 84,
      "botanicalName": "Rosa x dr",
      "genus": "Rosa",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Drift",
      "commonName": "Drift Groundcover Rose",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Low spreading continuous bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Compact groundcover rose for mass plantings and borders."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 85,
      "botanicalName": "Spiraea japonica",
      "genus": "Spiraea",
      "species": "japonica",
      "cultivar": "Goldmound",
      "commonName": "Japanese Spirea",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Pink summer bloom, gold foliage forms",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common compact mounding shrub.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring — cut back to 6–12 inches above the ground.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shearing or deadheading after the first bloom flush encourages a second flush and tidier appearance.",
          "notes": "Blooms on new wood — hard pruning in late winter produces vigorous new growth and abundant bloom. Tolerates rejuvenation cuts well. Foliage color is the primary design driver for most cultivars: Goldflame, Magic Carpet, and Anthony Waterer offer different combinations of chartreuse, gold, and bronze new growth with pink to deep rose blooms."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring. Heavy populations distort growth and produce honeydew; cosmetic, plants outgrow."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling on foliage in hot dry conditions; webbing visible at heavy infestation."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on upper leaf surfaces, particularly in shaded sites with poor air movement. Some cultivars (Gold Mound, Magic Carpet) show better resistance than older Anthony Waterer plantings."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leaf spot",
            "description": "Small brown or purple spots on leaves; cosmetic, rarely affects plant health."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Workhorse small flowering shrub across zones 4–8. Tolerates full sun to part shade; full sun produces the most intense foliage color and bloom. Drought-tolerant once established. <strong>Regulated as invasive in several Mid-Atlantic and Southeast states</strong> due to seed escape into natural areas; sterile cultivars (Double Play series) are increasingly specified by designers concerned with regional restrictions. Bumblebees and butterflies use the blooms heavily — a meaningful pollinator value for what is otherwise a non-native ornamental.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Invasive status active in some states (Maryland, Pennsylvania); sterile cultivars preferred.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Reliable; cold-hardy.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Reliable workhorse; minimal pressure.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Cold-hardy; reliable.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Reliable; some states list as invasive."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 86,
      "botanicalName": "Spiraea x vanhouttei",
      "genus": "Spiraea",
      "species": "x vanhouttei",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bridalwreath Spirea",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Cascading white spring bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Old-fashioned arching white spirea."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 87,
      "botanicalName": "Forsythia x intermedia",
      "genus": "Forsythia",
      "species": "x intermedia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Forsythia",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bright yellow very early bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "First color of spring; informal screens and banks.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after bloom — typically late April to early May.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Renovation pruning: cut one-third of oldest canes to the ground each year over three years.",
          "notes": "Blooms on old wood. Pruning at any other time removes the following spring's flower display. Forsythia is frequently sheared into formal shapes in commercial landscapes, which destroys the natural fountain form and dramatically reduces bloom. The plant's actual ornamental value is the early-spring yellow display on natural cascading branches — formal shearing eliminates the only reason to plant it."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Stippling and bronzing on foliage in hot dry conditions. Cosmetic primarily."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring. Generally cosmetic."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Crown gall",
            "description": "Rough, knobby growths at the base of the plant and on roots. Bacterial; spreads on tools and through soil. Affected plants typically removed."
          },
          {
            "name": "Dieback",
            "description": "Browning and dieback of individual branches, particularly after harsh winters or extended drought. Often misdiagnosed as disease; usually environmental stress."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Old-school landscape shrub across cold and temperate regions. Reliable in zones 4–8 with limited bloom in zone 4 due to flower-bud kill. Tolerates poor soil and partial shade — performs better in full sun. Cultivar selection drives bloom timing and intensity: Lynwood Gold is the trade standard, Meadowlark is bred for cold-hardy bud survival in zones 3–4, Northern Gold and Northern Sun for similar cold tolerance, and Magical Gold for a more compact form. <strong>Considered weedy and increasingly out of fashion in modern designs</strong> — sterile cultivars exist but most forsythia plantings come from older nursery stock. Aesthetic-only value: two weeks of vivid yellow bloom in early spring, plain green foliage the rest of the year.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Trade standard for cold-region early-spring color.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Reliable; cold-hardy cultivars preferred.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Cold-hardy cultivars (Meadowlark, Northern Gold) reliable; standard cultivars suffer bud kill.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Reliable; declining in modern designs.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Cold-hardy in protected sites; bud-kill chronic in exposed sites."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 88,
      "botanicalName": "Weigela florida",
      "genus": "Weigela",
      "species": "florida",
      "cultivar": "Wine & Roses",
      "commonName": "Weigela",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tubular flowers, dark-foliage forms",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Reliable spring bloomer; dark-leaf cultivars popular."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 89,
      "botanicalName": "Hibiscus syriacus",
      "genus": "Hibiscus",
      "species": "syriacus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Rose of Sharon",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large summer flowers, upright habit",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Late-summer color; seedy species, sterile cultivars preferred."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 90,
      "botanicalName": "Buddleja davidii",
      "genus": "Buddleja",
      "species": "davidii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Butterfly Bush",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant flower spikes, pollinator magnet",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Sells heavily; species reseeds, sterile cultivars recommended."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 91,
      "botanicalName": "Callicarpa americana",
      "genus": "Callicarpa",
      "species": "americana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "American Beautyberry",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Vivid purple berry clusters",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; standout fall berry display."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 92,
      "botanicalName": "Chaenomeles speciosa",
      "genus": "Chaenomeles",
      "species": "speciosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Flowering Quince",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Early bright flowers on bare wood",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Winter",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tough, thorny early bloomer."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 93,
      "botanicalName": "Fothergilla gardenii",
      "genus": "Fothergilla",
      "species": "gardenii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Dwarf Fothergilla",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bottlebrush flowers, brilliant fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; four-season small shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 94,
      "botanicalName": "Clethra alnifolia",
      "genus": "Clethra",
      "species": "alnifolia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Summersweet",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant summer spikes, wet tolerant",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; one of few fragrant summer bloomers for shade/wet."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 95,
      "botanicalName": "Calycanthus floridus",
      "genus": "Calycanthus",
      "species": "floridus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sweetshrub / Carolina Allspice",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 9,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant maroon spring flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; fragrant and adaptable."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 96,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum x burkwoodii",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "x burkwoodii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Burkwood Viburnum",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intensely fragrant spring snowballs",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Fragrant spring viburnum."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 97,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum plicatum",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "plicatum",
      "cultivar": "Mariesii",
      "commonName": "Doublefile Viburnum",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 9,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Horizontal tiers of white spring bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Architectural tiered habit; specimen shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 98,
      "botanicalName": "Hemerocallis",
      "genus": "Hemerocallis",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Stella de Oro",
      "commonName": "Daylily",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Repeat summer bloom, tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Bulletproof mass-planting perennial; Stella is the rebloom standard.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Early spring — remove old foliage before new growth emerges.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Continuous through bloom season: remove spent flower stalks (scapes) at the base. Mid-summer foliage cleanup on tired or yellowed plants — cut to 4–6 inches above the crown to force fresh foliage.",
          "notes": "Divide every 3–5 years in early spring or fall to maintain vigor and bloom production. Overcrowded clumps decline in bloom count and foliage quality. Cut all dead and yellowed foliage to ground level in late winter before new growth pushes — old foliage harbors thrips and disease over winter."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Daylily rust",
            "description": "Yellow-to-orange powdery pustules on undersides of leaves, with yellow streaks visible on top surfaces. Reportable in some states. Established in the South since 2000; spreading northward seasonally on infected nursery stock. Most damaging on Hemerocallis fulva and older hybrids; some modern cultivars show partial resistance."
          },
          {
            "name": "Thrips",
            "description": "Streaked, distorted blooms and silvery feeding scars on petals and foliage. Tiny slender insects visible inside flower buds. Damage is primarily cosmetic but reduces bloom display. Population peaks in warm dry conditions."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on emerging flower scapes and bud bases in spring. Honeydew leads to sooty mold. Generally cosmetic; plants outgrow damage."
          },
          {
            "name": "Deer",
            "description": "Heavy browsing pressure on foliage and especially flower buds in deer-pressure regions. Daylilies are a deer-magnet plant — not deer resistant despite occasional landscape-trade claims."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Crown rot / soft rot",
            "description": "Sudden collapse of foliage at the crown, often after warm wet weather. Slimy brown rot at the base when the crown is dug and examined. Favored by overcrowded sites, mulch piled against crowns, and poorly draining soil. Affected clumps typically need to be discarded; surrounding soil should be heavily amended before replanting."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leaf streak",
            "description": "Yellow streaks along the leaf veins, progressing to brown necrosis from the leaf tip back. Worsens in warm humid weather. Sanitation of old foliage in winter reduces inoculum significantly."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Tolerates a wide range of soils and sun exposures. Full sun produces best bloom; tolerates afternoon shade in hot regions with reduced bloom count. Drought-tolerant once established but blooms better with regular moisture. Foliage decline in mid-summer is normal in older cultivars — modern reblooming and evergreen-type cultivars hold foliage longer. Stella d'Oro and Happy Returns are the trade workhorses; reblooming reliability varies significantly by region and cultivar.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Rust pressure established; deer pressure heavy outside metro areas.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Rust heavy; reblooming cultivars perform exceptionally well.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat-tolerant; rust present.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Deer pressure heavy; rust rare; bloom quality excellent.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Deer pressure heavy; rust spreading northward.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Cold-hardy; bloom quality high; rust rare."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 99,
      "botanicalName": "Hosta",
      "genus": "Hosta",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Hosta",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Foliage texture and variegation for shade",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Default shade perennial; deer love it.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late fall or early spring — cut dead foliage to ground level.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Remove spent flower scapes after bloom if seed production is undesired (some growers consider hosta blooms ornamental, others remove them for tidiness).",
          "notes": "Slugs and snails overwinter in old foliage piled around crowns; fall cleanup significantly reduces spring slug pressure. Divide every 4–6 years in early spring or fall to maintain vigor — large clumps decline in foliage quality and develop dead centers. Some collectors prefer never-divided clumps for the massive specimen effect; the trade-off is gradual center-dieback."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Slugs and snails",
            "description": "Irregular holes in leaves, with slime trails visible across foliage in morning. Damage progresses through the growing season; worse in shaded irrigated sites and during wet springs. The defining hosta pest in nearly every region where the plant grows."
          },
          {
            "name": "Deer",
            "description": "Severe browsing on foliage; entire clumps reduced to stubs overnight in deer-pressure areas. Hosta is the deer's favorite landscape ornamental — not deer resistant, despite occasional trade claims to the contrary."
          },
          {
            "name": "Voles",
            "description": "Crown and root damage through winter under mulch. Entire clumps fail to emerge in spring with no visible above-ground cause."
          },
          {
            "name": "Foliar nematode",
            "description": "Brown-bronze wedge-shaped sections of leaves bounded by major veins. Permanent damage on infected leaves; spreads in plantings through irrigation splash. No effective curative treatment in landscape settings; remove and discard affected plants."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Hosta virus X (HVX)",
            "description": "Mottled, twisted, lumpy foliage with ink-bleed patterns along veins. No cure. Infected plants must be removed (roots and all) to prevent spread on tools. Confirmed in commercial nursery stock throughout the US; inspect new acquisitions carefully before planting near established collections."
          },
          {
            "name": "Crown rot",
            "description": "Sudden collapse of foliage at the crown after warm wet weather. White fungal threads visible at the crown when affected plants are dug. Discard severely affected clumps; replant the site with non-host plants for at least one season."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Shade-garden workhorse across cold and temperate regions. Performs best in dappled to deep shade with moist well-drained soil. Full sun causes leaf scorch on most cultivars; sun-tolerant cultivars (Sum and Substance, Guacamole, August Moon) handle morning sun in the North but struggle in the South. Heat-zone tolerance drops sharply south of zone 7; large blue cultivars rarely perform in the Gulf Coast and Lower South.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Workhorse shade plant; slug pressure heavy.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Deer pressure heavy; slug pressure heavy.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Deer pressure heavy; HVX present in commercial supply.",
          "PNW": "Slug pressure year-round; ideal climate otherwise.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Marginal in summer heat; struggles south of zone 7b.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Limited use — cold-hardy but drought conditions don't suit."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 100,
      "botanicalName": "Liriope muscari",
      "genus": "Liriope",
      "species": "muscari",
      "cultivar": "Big Blue",
      "commonName": "Liriope / Monkey Grass",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Grassy clump, purple flower spikes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Edging and massing workhorse; clumping, well-behaved.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter, before new growth flushes — typically February through early March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "None required.",
          "notes": "Mow or string-trim entire planting to 2–3 inches above the crown once a year before new growth pushes. Hand pruning of individual plants is impractical at scale. Skip the annual cut if the planting still looks acceptable — winter-burned foliage is cosmetic, not damaging. Cutting after new growth has emerged shears off the year's first push and leaves the planting ragged for weeks."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Voles",
            "description": "Tunnel damage around root zones, especially in winter under mulch. Foliage thinning and entire clumps dying back without visible above-ground cause. Common in mulched ornamental beds in suburban developments."
          },
          {
            "name": "Mealybugs",
            "description": "White cottony masses in the crown and at the base of leaves. Rare in landscape use; more common on container-grown plants."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Anthracnose",
            "description": "Reddish-brown leaf tip dieback, progressing down the blade. Worse in irrigation-heavy plantings and dense crowded clumps. Annual sanitation cut reduces inoculum."
          },
          {
            "name": "Crown rot",
            "description": "Center of established clumps dies out; surrounding plants survive. Often follows excessive mulch buildup over the crown. Divide and replant clumps every 5–7 years to prevent center-dieback patterns."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Workhorse evergreen perennial across the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, used as border edging, mass groundcover, and bed edging. Tolerates full sun to deep shade, dry to wet soil, and most pH conditions. Liriope muscari forms tight clumps; Liriope spicata spreads aggressively by rhizomes and is regulated as invasive in some Mid-Atlantic states — confirm species before planting near natural areas. Variegated cultivars (Variegata, Silvery Sunproof) are slightly less vigorous than green forms.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Universal landscape workhorse; voles common in winter.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "L. spicata regulated as invasive in some states.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; anthracnose pressure higher in irrigation-heavy plantings.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat-tolerant; reliable.",
          "PNW": "Reliable in shade; anthracnose pressure in wet winters."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 101,
      "botanicalName": "Liriope spicata",
      "genus": "Liriope",
      "species": "spicata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Creeping Liriope",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Spreading grassy groundcover",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Aggressive spreader; useful on banks but escapes beds."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 102,
      "botanicalName": "Ophiopogon japonicus",
      "genus": "Ophiopogon",
      "species": "japonicus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mondo Grass",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.75,
      "widthMinFt": 0.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 1,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine dark grassy groundcover",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common edging and groundcover; dwarf form for tight detail.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring — typically February to March — if needed.",
          "secondaryWindow": "None required.",
          "notes": "Most plantings need no pruning. Mowing or string-trimming to 2–3 inches every 2–3 years renews tired foliage without harm; annual cutting unnecessary unless winter-damaged. Distinct from black mondo (Ophiopogon planiscapus 'Nigrescens') which has dark purple-to-black foliage and is a different design plant. Dwarf mondo (O. japonicus 'Nana') tops out at 3–4 inches and is the version typically used between pavers."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Mealybugs",
            "description": "White cottony masses in crown and at the base of leaves. Rare in established landscape plantings; more common on container-grown nursery stock."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Anthracnose",
            "description": "Reddish-brown leaf tip dieback. Worse in irrigation-heavy plantings. Annual sanitation cut reduces inoculum."
          },
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Dieback in waterlogged sites. Mondo grass prefers moist but well-drained conditions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Workhorse evergreen groundcover across the Southeast, Gulf Coast, and into Central Florida. Tolerates full sun to deep shade, dry to moist soil, foot traffic in dwarf form, and most pH conditions. Spreads slowly by short stolons; fills in tighter than liriope but takes longer to establish. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 7a; foliage burn in zone 6 winters is common but plants typically survive. The right plant when liriope's coarser blade-width is wrong for the design — mondo's finer texture suits Asian-influenced plantings and tighter formal scales.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Reliable; trade workhorse for fine-texture groundcover.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; widely planted between pavers and as border edging.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Workhorse groundcover; widely used.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Reliable in shaded sites.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable in coastal Mediterranean climate."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 103,
      "botanicalName": "Rudbeckia fulgida",
      "genus": "Rudbeckia",
      "species": "fulgida",
      "cultivar": "Goldsturm",
      "commonName": "Black-eyed Susan",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2.5,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Gold daisies, long bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer, Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Reliable native-derived perennial for sun."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 104,
      "botanicalName": "Echinacea purpurea",
      "genus": "Echinacea",
      "species": "purpurea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Purple Coneflower",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Daisy blooms, pollinator favorite",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; drought-tough sun perennial."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 105,
      "botanicalName": "Coreopsis",
      "genus": "Coreopsis",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Tickseed / Coreopsis",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Profuse yellow/bicolor daisies",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Long-blooming, drought-tolerant."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 106,
      "botanicalName": "Salvia",
      "genus": "Salvia",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Perennial Salvia",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Flower spikes, pollinator magnet",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Many species used; nemorosa, guaranitica, leucantha all common."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 107,
      "botanicalName": "Sedum",
      "genus": "Sedum",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Autumn Joy",
      "commonName": "Stonecrop",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Succulent foliage, late flower heads",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tough drought perennial for sunny beds."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 108,
      "botanicalName": "Lantana camara",
      "genus": "Lantana",
      "species": "camara",
      "cultivar": "New Gold",
      "commonName": "Lantana",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Nonstop heat-proof bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Heat workhorse; perennial in warm zones, annual where colder. Species can be weedy.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter or early spring — cut back to 6–12 inches above the ground before new growth flushes.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Mid-season tidy after a heavy bloom flush; light shearing encourages rebloom.",
          "notes": "In zones 9 and warmer where lantana overwinters as a perennial, hard prune annually to control size and renew bloom. In colder zones (7–8 borderline) where it dies back to the ground, simply remove the dead top growth in spring. The plant emits a strong characteristic odor when cut — useful field-identification cue."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Lantana lace bug",
            "description": "Stippled, bleached, brown-spotted foliage from feeding on the undersides of leaves. Black tar-like fecal spots on leaf undersides are the diagnostic tell. Heavy infestations defoliate plants and suppress bloom. Pressure peaks in mid-to-late summer in the South."
          },
          {
            "name": "Whitefly",
            "description": "Small white insects that fly up in clouds when foliage is disturbed. Honeydew and sooty mold on lower leaves. Common in Florida and Gulf Coast plantings; cosmetic but unsightly."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on upper leaf surfaces in late summer. Cultivar-dependent; some Bandana and Luscious series cultivars show better resistance. Worse in crowded plantings with poor air movement."
          },
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Sudden wilting and collapse in waterlogged conditions. Lantana is drought-tolerant and intolerant of wet feet — root rot in irrigated landscape beds is common when irrigation is set for adjacent water-loving plants."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, deer-resistant in most regions, and salt-tolerant — one of the few plants that checks all four boxes. Considered invasive in Florida and parts of the Gulf Coast; many Florida counties list it on do-not-plant rosters and sterile cultivars (e.g., New Gold, Bloomify series) are preferred by professional designers. All parts of the plant are toxic if ingested by livestock and pets; berries are particularly attractive to children and dogs. Late-emerging in colder zones — don't write it off in May.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GULF-COAST": "Lace bug pressure heavy; sterile cultivars increasingly specified.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Native cultivars regulated; some counties prohibit non-native species.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Invasive status active; sterile cultivars only on many municipal lists.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat and drought workhorse; lace bug pressure moderate.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Performs well; whitefly less common in dry heat.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable; salt-tolerant in coastal sites."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 109,
      "botanicalName": "Gaura lindheimeri",
      "genus": "Oenothera",
      "species": "lindheimeri",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Gaura / Whirling Butterflies",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Airy long-blooming wands",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Airy texture for sunny borders."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 110,
      "botanicalName": "Heuchera",
      "genus": "Heuchera",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Coral Bells",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Colorful foliage mounds",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Grown mainly for foliage color in part shade."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 111,
      "botanicalName": "Helleborus",
      "genus": "Helleborus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Lenten Rose",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Winter bloom, evergreen, deer-proof",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Premier evergreen shade perennial; blooms in late winter."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 112,
      "botanicalName": "Iris",
      "genus": "Iris",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Iris (Bearded / Louisiana)",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Showy spring flowers, sword foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Bearded for dry sun, Louisiana for wet sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 113,
      "botanicalName": "Phlox paniculata",
      "genus": "Phlox",
      "species": "paniculata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Garden Phlox",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant summer flower clusters",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Choose mildew-resistant cultivars for the humid Southeast."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 114,
      "botanicalName": "Phlox subulata",
      "genus": "Phlox",
      "species": "subulata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Creeping Phlox",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Sheet of spring color on banks",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Spring groundcover for slopes and edging."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 115,
      "botanicalName": "Aspidistra elatior",
      "genus": "Aspidistra",
      "species": "elatior",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Cast Iron Plant",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Survives deep dry shade",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "For the toughest deep-shade spots."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 116,
      "botanicalName": "Dryopteris erythrosora",
      "genus": "Dryopteris",
      "species": "erythrosora",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Autumn Fern",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Coppery new fronds, evergreen-ish",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common, durable landscape fern."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 117,
      "botanicalName": "Cyrtomium falcatum",
      "genus": "Cyrtomium",
      "species": "falcatum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Holly Fern",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2.5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Coarse glossy evergreen fronds",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bold-textured evergreen fern for shade."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 118,
      "botanicalName": "Athyrium niponicum",
      "genus": "Athyrium",
      "species": "niponicum",
      "cultivar": "Pictum",
      "commonName": "Japanese Painted Fern",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Silver-burgundy fronds",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Color accent for shade beds."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 119,
      "botanicalName": "Muhlenbergia capillaris",
      "genus": "Muhlenbergia",
      "species": "capillaris",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Pink Muhly Grass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Pink fall flower haze",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; massively popular for fall color.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter — cut to 3-6 inches above the ground before new growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "None required.",
          "notes": "Annual cutback is the only maintenance. Use hedge trimmers or string trimmer. The pink plumes in October-November are the entire ornamental event — time the annual cut well before spring green-up (February) to avoid cutting into new growth."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal pest pressure",
            "description": "One of the most pest-free ornamental grasses. Deer-resistant."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Crown rot",
            "description": "Center of clump dies out in waterlogged conditions. Needs well-drained soil."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to the southeastern US. Spectacular pink-to-rose flower plumes in October-November — one of the few ornamental grasses with significant fall color impact. Drought-tolerant, salt-tolerant, deer-resistant. Mass plantings create dramatic fall displays. Full sun required for best plume production.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Native; spectacular fall display; reliable.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; salt-tolerant for coastal sites.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Native range; drought-adapted; xeriscape-friendly.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Native range; reliable.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Native; salt-tolerant; excellent coastal plant.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Reliable; performs well in sandy soils."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 120,
      "botanicalName": "Pennisetum alopecuroides",
      "genus": "Pennisetum",
      "species": "alopecuroides",
      "cultivar": "Hameln",
      "commonName": "Fountain Grass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Arching habit, bottlebrush plumes",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Standard clumping ornamental grass."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 121,
      "botanicalName": "Pennisetum setaceum",
      "genus": "Pennisetum",
      "species": "setaceum",
      "cultivar": "Rubrum",
      "commonName": "Purple Fountain Grass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Burgundy foliage and plumes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Used as an annual in the Piedmont; perennial only in warmest zones."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 122,
      "botanicalName": "Miscanthus sinensis",
      "genus": "Miscanthus",
      "species": "sinensis",
      "cultivar": "Gracillimus",
      "commonName": "Maiden Grass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tall arching screen, fall plumes",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common large grass; species reseeds — flagged invasive in parts of the Southeast."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 123,
      "botanicalName": "Panicum virgatum",
      "genus": "Panicum",
      "species": "virgatum",
      "cultivar": "Shenandoah",
      "commonName": "Switchgrass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Upright native grass, airy seed heads",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; tough vertical accent."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 124,
      "botanicalName": "Schizachyrium scoparium",
      "genus": "Schizachyrium",
      "species": "scoparium",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Little Bluestem",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Blue-green to russet, native",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; drought-tough, good fall color."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 125,
      "botanicalName": "Calamagrostis x acutiflora",
      "genus": "Calamagrostis",
      "species": "x acutiflora",
      "cultivar": "Karl Foerster",
      "commonName": "Feather Reed Grass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2.5,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Strict vertical form, early plumes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tight upright grass for structure.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter — cut to 4-6 inches above ground before new growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "None required.",
          "notes": "Karl Foerster is the standard cultivar — strictly upright, non-invasive, sterile. Overdam has variegated foliage. Annual late-winter cutback is the only maintenance. Hedge trimmers or string trimmer."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal pest pressure",
            "description": "Virtually pest-free. Deer-resistant."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Rust",
            "description": "Orange pustules on leaves in humid conditions. Uncommon on Karl Foerster; more frequent on other cultivars."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Cool-season ornamental grass — one of the first grasses to green up in spring and hold structure through winter. Karl Foerster cultivar is the most widely planted ornamental grass in North America. Strictly clumping, non-invasive, sterile — will not self-seed. Reliable in full sun to part shade.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Cold-hardy; reliable; excellent vertical accent.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Workhorse ornamental grass; reliable.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Reliable; drought-tolerant once established.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Reliable; widely planted.",
          "PNW": "Reliable; cool-season growth pattern suits maritime climate."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 126,
      "botanicalName": "Carex",
      "genus": "Carex",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sedge",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Grass-like, many work in shade",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Various species used for shade groundcover and texture."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 127,
      "botanicalName": "Trachelospermum asiaticum",
      "genus": "Trachelospermum",
      "species": "asiaticum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Asiatic Jasmine",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense evergreen mat, very tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "The default evergreen groundcover for the Southeast.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth — typically February to March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Edge-trimming through the growing season as needed where it encroaches on beds or walkways.",
          "notes": "Mow or string-trim the entire bed to 2–3 inches once a year before new growth pushes — same approach as liriope. Established plantings can be cut hard for renewal without damage. Container-grown new plantings establish slowly the first year; mature beds spread aggressively and require edge maintenance to contain them. Climbs trees and structures if not maintained — not a true vine but will scramble vertically if a surface is available."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy growths on stems and undersides of leaves. Heavy infestations cause yellowing and dieback in patches. Rarely a significant problem in healthy plantings."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Phytophthora root rot",
            "description": "Patchy dieback in waterlogged sites. Asiatic jasmine prefers well-drained soil and tolerates drought; wet conditions favor decline."
          },
          {
            "name": "Anthracnose",
            "description": "Brown leaf spots and patchy dieback in heavily shaded irrigated plantings with poor air circulation."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Workhorse evergreen groundcover across the Southeast, Gulf Coast, and into Central Florida. Spreads aggressively once established — covers 4–6 ft. per year from a single plant in optimal conditions. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 7b; dieback to the ground in zone 7a is typical, with regrowth from roots the following spring. Tolerates full sun to deep shade; sun produces denser growth. Salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant once established. Less commonly known: distinct from Trachelospermum jasminoides (Confederate jasmine, which is the climbing vine with fragrant flowers) despite the similar common names — Asiatic jasmine rarely flowers in cultivation. Often specified as the low-maintenance alternative to turf on slopes and difficult sites where mowing is impractical.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Trade workhorse for groundcover applications.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; aggressive once established.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Reliable; salt-tolerant in coastal sites.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat and drought workhorse; reliable.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable in mild coastal climate."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 128,
      "botanicalName": "Juniperus horizontalis",
      "genus": "Juniperus",
      "species": "horizontalis",
      "cultivar": "Blue Rug",
      "commonName": "Creeping Juniper",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.75,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Low spreading evergreen for slopes",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bank and slope cover for hot dry sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 129,
      "botanicalName": "Vinca minor",
      "genus": "Vinca",
      "species": "minor",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Periwinkle / Vinca",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Evergreen mat, blue spring flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common shade groundcover; can spread into natural areas."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 130,
      "botanicalName": "Pachysandra terminalis",
      "genus": "Pachysandra",
      "species": "terminalis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Japanese Pachysandra",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Uniform evergreen shade carpet",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Classic shade groundcover; native P. procumbens also available."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 131,
      "botanicalName": "Hedera helix",
      "genus": "Hedera",
      "species": "helix",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "English Ivy",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.75,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Aggressive evergreen cover/climber",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Still installed heavily; invasive — note for spec-conscious clients."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 132,
      "botanicalName": "Ajuga reptans",
      "genus": "Ajuga",
      "species": "reptans",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bugleweed",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.25,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.5,
      "widthMinFt": 0.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Low mat, blue flower spikes",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Quick-spreading small-scale groundcover."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 133,
      "botanicalName": "Trachelospermum jasminoides",
      "genus": "Trachelospermum",
      "species": "jasminoides",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Confederate / Star Jasmine",
      "plantType": "Vine",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intensely fragrant white spring bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Top evergreen flowering vine for fences and arbors."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 134,
      "botanicalName": "Gelsemium sempervirens",
      "genus": "Gelsemium",
      "species": "sempervirens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Carolina Jessamine",
      "plantType": "Vine",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant yellow late-winter bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Winter",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; Georgia connection, very common on fences/mailboxes."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 135,
      "botanicalName": "Bignonia capreolata",
      "genus": "Bignonia",
      "species": "capreolata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Crossvine",
      "plantType": "Vine",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 9,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Orange-red trumpet flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; vigorous evergreen-ish vine."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 136,
      "botanicalName": "Wisteria frutescens",
      "genus": "Wisteria",
      "species": "frutescens",
      "cultivar": "Amethyst Falls",
      "commonName": "American Wisteria",
      "plantType": "Vine",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Purple flower clusters, non-aggressive",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; the well-behaved alternative to invasive Asian wisteria."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 137,
      "botanicalName": "Lonicera sempervirens",
      "genus": "Lonicera",
      "species": "sempervirens",
      "cultivar": "Major Wheeler",
      "commonName": "Coral Honeysuckle",
      "plantType": "Vine",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Coral trumpet flowers, hummingbird vine",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; non-invasive unlike Japanese honeysuckle."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 138,
      "botanicalName": "Clematis",
      "genus": "Clematis",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Clematis",
      "plantType": "Vine",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun (roots shaded)",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large showy flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Trellis and mailbox vine; many hybrids."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 139,
      "botanicalName": "Sabal palmetto",
      "genus": "Sabal",
      "species": "palmetto",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Cabbage Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Iconic fan palm, very hardy for a palm",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Coastal signature; marginal and slow in the Piedmont.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Remove dead fronds anytime — no seasonal restriction.",
          "secondaryWindow": "None.",
          "notes": "Never cut green fronds — the palm draws nutrients from yellowing fronds. \"Hurricane cutting\" (removing all but a few fronds) weakens the tree and is a disqualifying practice among professional arborists. Only remove fully brown, hanging dead fronds. Boot removal (the dead frond bases on the trunk) is cosmetic, not horticultural."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Palmetto weevil",
            "description": "Large weevil (1+ inch) that bores into the bud of stressed or transplanted palms. Lethal if the terminal bud is destroyed. Transplant stress is the primary predisposing factor."
          },
          {
            "name": "Palm leaf skeletonizer",
            "description": "Caterpillars feeding in rows along the undersides of fronds, leaving characteristic parallel stripped tissue."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Ganoderma butt rot",
            "description": "Bracket fungus (conk) emerging from the base of the trunk. Fatal — no treatment. The conk is the diagnostic sign; internal rot is advanced by the time fruiting bodies appear."
          },
          {
            "name": "Lethal bronzing (formerly Texas Phoenix palm decline)",
            "description": "Phytoplasma disease spread by planthoppers. Fruit drop, flower necrosis, then frond browning from lowest upward. Fatal; preventive injection is the only management."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Florida state tree. Extremely salt-tolerant, hurricane-resistant, and drought-tolerant once established. One of the most wind-resistant trees in the coastal landscape — survives hurricanes that destroy other species. Slow growth rate. Transplants well at large caliper with proper root ball preparation.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOUTH-FL": "Ubiquitous; lethal bronzing is the emerging disease threat.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Native; hurricane-resistant staple; palmetto weevil on transplanted specimens.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable in coastal areas; marginal inland in zone 8b.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Native coastal species; salt-tolerant; reliable.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Marginal — cold hardiness limit; used in protected urban microclimates only."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 140,
      "botanicalName": "Trachycarpus fortunei",
      "genus": "Trachycarpus",
      "species": "fortunei",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Windmill Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "The cold-hardiest reliable trunked palm",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "The palm that actually works in metro Atlanta."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 141,
      "botanicalName": "Butia capitata",
      "genus": "Butia",
      "species": "capitata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Pindo / Jelly Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Arching blue-green fronds",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common coastal feature palm."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 142,
      "botanicalName": "Rhapidophyllum hystrix",
      "genus": "Rhapidophyllum",
      "species": "hystrix",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Needle Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Extremely cold-hardy clumping palm",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; the hardiest palm — usable inland as a shrub-scale accent."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 143,
      "botanicalName": "Cycas revoluta",
      "genus": "Cycas",
      "species": "revoluta",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sago Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Stiff tropical-looking rosette",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Not a true palm; common coastal accent. All parts toxic."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 144,
      "botanicalName": "Cynodon dactylon",
      "genus": "Cynodon",
      "species": "dactylon",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bermudagrass",
      "plantType": "Turfgrass",
      "heightMinFt": 0,
      "heightMaxFt": 0,
      "widthMinFt": 0,
      "widthMaxFt": 0,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Heat- and traffic-tough warm-season turf",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Dominant sun lawn/sports turf; needs full sun.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Routine mowing through growing season — March through October in most regions.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Scalp (low mow) in early spring to remove dormant thatch and promote green-up.",
          "notes": "Mowing height: 1-2 inches for common bermuda, 0.5-1 inch for hybrid bermuda (Tifway 419, Celebration, TifTuf). The lowest-mowed warm-season turf — supports sports-turf-quality finishes. Goes dormant and turns brown below 60°F soil temperature. Overseeding with perennial ryegrass in fall maintains green color through winter in mild climates."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Bermudagrass mite",
            "description": "Stunted, witch's-broom-like rosettes on stolons. Diagnostic: pull apart the compressed nodes and look for tiny mites. Can devastate large areas."
          },
          {
            "name": "Fall armyworm",
            "description": "Rapid overnight defoliation in late summer/fall. Caterpillars feed at night; damaged turf appears scalped. Pressure can be severe."
          },
          {
            "name": "White grubs",
            "description": "Loose, easily lifted turf in patches; severed roots. Diagnostic: peel back turf and count grubs per square foot."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Spring dead spot",
            "description": "Circular dead patches 6 inches to 3 feet in diameter appearing at spring green-up. The defining cool-season disease of bermudagrass in transition-zone climates."
          },
          {
            "name": "Dollar spot",
            "description": "Small bleached spots the size of a silver dollar in turf maintained at higher mowing heights. Worse under nitrogen deficiency."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Dominant warm-season turfgrass for full-sun athletic fields, lawns, and commercial turf across the Sun Belt. Requires full sun — will not persist under tree canopy (use St. Augustine or zoysia for shade). Aggressive spreader via stolons and rhizomes; invades flower beds and borders if edging is not maintained.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Dominant turf; spring dead spot in transition areas.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Dominant turf; fall armyworm pressure late summer.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Dominant turf; overseeded with ryegrass for winter color.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Common; water-use restrictions favor replacement with native/low-water alternatives.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Common in full sun; St. Augustine preferred for shade tolerance.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Dominant full-sun turf; spring dead spot in piedmont clay soils."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 145,
      "botanicalName": "Zoysia",
      "genus": "Zoysia",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Zoysiagrass",
      "plantType": "Turfgrass",
      "heightMinFt": 0,
      "heightMaxFt": 0,
      "widthMinFt": 0,
      "widthMaxFt": 0,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense fine warm-season turf",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Premium lawn turf; better shade tolerance than Bermuda.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Routine mowing through growing season — April through October.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Spring scalp mow to remove dormant thatch and accelerate green-up.",
          "notes": "Mowing height: 1-2 inches. Slow growth rate means less frequent mowing than bermuda — but also slower recovery from damage. Goes dormant and turns brown in winter (earlier than bermuda, later than bermuda to green up in spring). Thatch buildup is the primary maintenance concern — dethatch or core-aerate annually."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Hunting billbug",
            "description": "Sawdust-like frass at stem base; stems break easily when pulled. The defining pest of zoysiagrass."
          },
          {
            "name": "White grubs",
            "description": "Loose turf patches; severed roots beneath."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Large patch (Rhizoctonia)",
            "description": "Circular brown patches in spring and fall cool-wet weather. The primary disease. Avoid excessive nitrogen and evening irrigation."
          },
          {
            "name": "Dollar spot",
            "description": "Small bleached spots in turf under nitrogen deficiency."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Warm-season turfgrass that bridges the gap between bermuda (full sun only) and fescue (cool-season). Better shade tolerance than bermuda — the go-to warm-season grass for partially shaded lawns. Dense, carpet-like texture. Slower to establish from plugs than bermuda from sod. Emerald, Zeon, and Geo cultivars are fine-textured; Meyer is the coarse-textured workhorse.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "CA-INLAND": "Reliable; better shade tolerance than bermuda.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Reliable alternative to bermuda in partial shade.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Common; large patch pressure in spring/fall.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Transition zone alternative to fescue for warm-season preference.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Reliable in southern portion."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 146,
      "botanicalName": "Eremochloa ophiuroides",
      "genus": "Eremochloa",
      "species": "ophiuroides",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Centipedegrass",
      "plantType": "Turfgrass",
      "heightMinFt": 0,
      "heightMaxFt": 0,
      "widthMinFt": 0,
      "widthMaxFt": 0,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Low-input warm-season turf for poor soil",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Low-maintenance lawn for acidic sandy soils."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 147,
      "botanicalName": "Festuca arundinacea",
      "genus": "Festuca",
      "species": "arundinacea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Tall Fescue",
      "plantType": "Turfgrass",
      "heightMinFt": 0,
      "heightMaxFt": 0,
      "widthMinFt": 0,
      "widthMaxFt": 0,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Cool-season turf, stays green in winter",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The cool-season lawn option for the Piedmont; struggles in coastal heat.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Routine mowing year-round — cool-season grass stays green through winter.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Overseeding in fall (September-October) to thicken stand.",
          "notes": "Mowing height: 3-4 inches year-round. Higher mowing in summer reduces heat stress. Bunch-type grass — does not spread by stolons or rhizomes; bare patches require reseeding. Turf-type tall fescue (TTTF) cultivars are finer-textured than older pasture types."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "White grubs",
            "description": "Loose turf in patches; severed roots. Diagnostic: peel back turf and count grubs."
          },
          {
            "name": "Armyworm",
            "description": "Rapid overnight defoliation in late summer. Caterpillars feed at night."
          },
          {
            "name": "Billbugs",
            "description": "Irregular brown patches; stems break easily at the crown. Diagnostic: tug on grass — stems separate at the base with sawdust-like frass."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Brown patch (Rhizoctonia)",
            "description": "Circular brown patches 1-3 ft diameter in hot humid weather. The defining summer disease of tall fescue. Worse with evening irrigation and excessive nitrogen."
          },
          {
            "name": "Pythium blight",
            "description": "Greasy, water-soaked patches that collapse overnight in hot humid conditions. Most destructive when night temperatures exceed 68°F."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Cool-season turfgrass for the transition zone — stays green year-round where bermuda goes dormant in winter. Best adapted to zones 5-7 where it can handle both winter cold and summer heat with proper management. Requires overseeding every 1-3 years since it does not self-repair bare areas.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Reliable in southern portion; winter-hardy.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Reliable; stays green year-round.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Transition zone workhorse; brown patch in summer.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Northern portion reliable; summer heat stress in southern areas.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Reliable; drought-tolerant cultivars available."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 148,
      "botanicalName": "Stenotaphrum secundatum",
      "genus": "Stenotaphrum",
      "species": "secundatum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "St. Augustinegrass",
      "plantType": "Turfgrass",
      "heightMinFt": 0,
      "heightMaxFt": 0,
      "widthMinFt": 0,
      "widthMaxFt": 0,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Coarse warm-season turf, shade tolerant",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Best shade tolerance of the warm-season turfs; coastal-leaning.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Routine mowing through growing season — varies by cultivar.",
          "secondaryWindow": "No seasonal cutback or dormant pruning.",
          "notes": "<strong>Mowing height is the most important variable.</strong> Maintain at 3.5–4 inches for standard cultivars (Floratam, Palmetto); dwarf cultivars (Captiva, Seville) tolerate 2.5 inches. Mowing too short produces thin stressed turf vulnerable to disease and weed encroachment. Use sharp mower blades — St. Augustine has wide leaf blades that show torn edges immediately when blades are dull. Bag clippings only during disease outbreaks; returned clippings reduce fertilizer needs."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Southern chinch bug",
            "description": "Irregular yellow-to-brown patches in sunny portions of the lawn, expanding outward over weeks. Tiny black-and-white bugs visible at the soil surface when grass blades are parted at patch margins. Pressure heaviest in full-sun lawns during hot dry summer months. The most destructive insect pest of St. Augustinegrass throughout the Southeast and Gulf Coast."
          },
          {
            "name": "Tropical sod webworm",
            "description": "Brown ragged-edged patches; close examination reveals chewed leaf blades and small caterpillars at the soil surface, especially active at night. Pressure peaks late summer through fall. Confirmed in Gulf Coast and Florida lawns; northern range expanding."
          },
          {
            "name": "White grubs",
            "description": "Loose, easily lifted turf in patches; grass dies from severed roots. Diagnostic test: pull on grass — if it lifts like a carpet with no root resistance, grubs are present. Pressure varies regionally and annually."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Large patch (Rhizoctonia)",
            "description": "Circular yellow-to-brown patches 2–10 ft. in diameter, expanding through cool wet spring and fall weather. Affected blades pull easily from the runner. The defining cool-season disease of St. Augustinegrass throughout the South."
          },
          {
            "name": "Take-all root rot",
            "description": "Yellowing and thinning patches with poor root development; underlying problem visible only when dead turf is examined and root systems are absent or rotted. Pressure highest in stressed turf in alkaline or compacted soils."
          },
          {
            "name": "Gray leaf spot",
            "description": "Small gray-tan spots with dark borders on leaf blades, expanding to thin and brown affected areas. Hot humid weather and excessive fertilization favor development."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Dominant warm-season turfgrass across the Southeast and Gulf Coast — preferred for its shade tolerance (better than Bermuda), broad leaf appearance, and cold-tolerance limit. Floratam is the historical workhorse cultivar; Palmetto offers better shade tolerance and finer texture; Captiva and Seville are dwarf cultivars for tight-mow programs. Cold-hardy to zone 8a; reliable use limit. Established by sod or plugs only — does not produce viable seed for commercial use. Sensitive to herbicide drift from common turf chemicals used on cool-season lawns; consult product labels before any application. Iron deficiency (chlorosis) is common in alkaline soils.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "GULF-COAST": "Dominant turfgrass; chinch bug pressure heavy mid-summer.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Dominant turfgrass; sod webworm and chinch bug both heavy.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Year-round growing season; chinch bug pressure intense.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Reliable; large patch pressure significant cool seasons.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Reliable; chinch bug pressure heavy."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 149,
      "botanicalName": "Viola x wittrockiana",
      "genus": "Viola",
      "species": "x wittrockiana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Pansy",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.75,
      "widthMinFt": 0.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 0.75,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Cool-season color, fall through spring",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall-Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The Southeast winter color bed; planted in fall."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 150,
      "botanicalName": "Viola cornuta",
      "genus": "Viola",
      "species": "cornuta",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Viola / Johnny-jump-up",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.5,
      "widthMinFt": 0.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 0.75,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Profuse small cool-season flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall-Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Smaller-flowered, more weather-tough than pansy."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 151,
      "botanicalName": "Petunia x",
      "genus": "Petunia",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Petunia",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Warm-season color, trailing forms",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Spreading-type petunias are a warm-season bed standard."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 152,
      "botanicalName": "Begonia x",
      "genus": "Begonia",
      "species": "x semperflorens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Wax Begonia",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 0.75,
      "widthMaxFt": 1,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Reliable sun-or-shade warm-season color",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tolerates sun or shade; very forgiving bed annual."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 153,
      "botanicalName": "Caladium",
      "genus": "Caladium",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Caladium",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold foliage color for shade",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Shade foliage annual; lifted or treated as annual in the Piedmont."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 154,
      "botanicalName": "Catharanthus roseus",
      "genus": "Catharanthus",
      "species": "roseus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Annual Vinca",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Heat- and drought-proof summer color",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Thrives in brutal heat where other annuals fade."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 155,
      "botanicalName": "Lantana",
      "genus": "Lantana",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Annual Lantana",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Nonstop pollinator color in heat",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Sterile annual cultivars used in summer color beds."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 156,
      "botanicalName": "Tagetes",
      "genus": "Tagetes",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Marigold",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 0.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 0.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Cheap reliable warm-season color",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Inexpensive bedding standby."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 157,
      "botanicalName": "Salvia splendens",
      "genus": "Salvia",
      "species": "splendens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Annual Salvia",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold flower spikes for color beds",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common warm-season bedding salvia."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 158,
      "botanicalName": "Capsicum / Ornamental Kale",
      "genus": "Brassica",
      "species": "oleracea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Ornamental Cabbage & Kale",
      "plantType": "Annual",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Cool-season foliage rosettes",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall-Winter",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Fall/winter foliage accent paired with pansies."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 159,
      "botanicalName": "Acer x freemanii",
      "genus": "Acer",
      "species": "x freemanii",
      "cultivar": "Autumn Blaze",
      "commonName": "Freeman Maple",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 55,
      "widthMinFt": 30,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast growth, red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Autumn Blaze is a top-selling shade tree north of the Southeast.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late summer or early fall (August through October) to avoid sap bleeding.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Dormant structural cuts acceptable, with the caveat that late-winter wounds will bleed visibly as sap rises.",
          "notes": "A hybrid of red maple (Acer rubrum) and silver maple (Acer saccharinum), bred to combine red maple's fall color with silver maple's faster growth. Inherits silver maple's tendency toward co-dominant leaders and included bark — aggressive structural pruning in the first 10 years is critical. Branch attachments fail in storms more frequently than red maple."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Cottony maple scale",
            "description": "White cottony egg masses on twigs and undersides of branches. Honeydew and sooty mold on bark and leaves below. Heavy infestations stress young trees."
          },
          {
            "name": "Maple leafhoppers",
            "description": "Stippled, bleached foliage; honeydew under the canopy. Usually cosmetic."
          },
          {
            "name": "Borers",
            "description": "Sawdust at trunk base and small round exit holes on the trunk indicate borer activity in stressed trees. Heat, drought, and trunk damage all increase susceptibility."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Verticillium wilt",
            "description": "Sudden one-sided branch dieback and wilt in mid-summer. Diagnostic tell: dark olive-green to brown vascular streaking visible when bark is peeled back on a dying branch. Soil-borne and effectively incurable."
          },
          {
            "name": "Anthracnose",
            "description": "Irregular brown blotches following leaf veins, particularly in cool wet springs. Defoliates lower canopy but trees re-foliate later in the season."
          },
          {
            "name": "Tar spot",
            "description": "Large, raised black spots on leaves in late summer. Cosmetic only — no impact on tree health."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Autumn Blaze (most-planted cultivar) and Sienna Glen are the trade standards. Faster-growing than pure red maple but with more brittle wood — storm damage is common at maturity. Chlorosis (yellow leaves with green veins) in alkaline soils is common. Surface roots compete heavily with turf at maturity; mulched root zones outperform turf maintenance under the canopy. Some municipal arborists are moving away from Autumn Blaze due to structural concerns; Celebration and Marmo cultivars offer better structure.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Trade standard for urban shade; structural failure rate moderate.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Cold-hardy; performs well; surface roots problematic.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Verticillium pressure moderate.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Reliable; anthracnose pressure in wet springs.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Chlorosis chronic; not a regional standard.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Chlorosis common in alkaline soils."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 160,
      "botanicalName": "Tilia cordata",
      "genus": "Tilia",
      "species": "cordata",
      "cultivar": "Greenspire",
      "commonName": "Littleleaf Linden",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Neat pyramidal form, fragrant flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common street/lawn tree in the Midwest and Northeast."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 161,
      "botanicalName": "Gleditsia triacanthos inermis",
      "genus": "Gleditsia",
      "species": "triacanthos",
      "cultivar": "Shademaster",
      "commonName": "Thornless Honeylocust",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 30,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Filtered shade, yellow fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Tough urban tree; fine texture, casts light shade.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before bud break — typically February through March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light summer pruning acceptable; avoid heavy summer cuts during borer flight period.",
          "notes": "Establish a strong central leader in young trees; honeylocust naturally branches at narrow angles and develops co-dominant leaders if not corrected. Wide branching angles produce stronger long-term structure. Always specify the thornless variety (inermis) for landscape work — the wild species has 4-inch thorns on the trunk and branches. Avoid topping mature trees; honeylocust resents heavy crown reduction."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Mimosa webworm",
            "description": "Brown webbed-together leaf clusters in mid-to-late summer, with caterpillars feeding inside the webs. Affected foliage turns brown and remains hanging in the canopy. Two generations per year in most regions; second generation is most damaging. Pressure heavy throughout the Midwest, Plains, and Mid-Atlantic."
          },
          {
            "name": "Honeylocust plant bug",
            "description": "Distorted, curled, and discolored new growth in spring as bugs feed on emerging foliage. Damage is permanent on affected leaves but the tree re-flushes by mid-summer. Cosmetic primarily."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling and bronzing of foliage in hot dry conditions. Pressure heavy in urban heat-island sites."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Thyronectria canker",
            "description": "Sunken cankers on branches and trunk, with reddish-brown discoloration of the bark. Stressed and wounded trees most susceptible. Once advanced, cankered branches die back permanently. The most significant disease pressure on landscape honeylocust."
          },
          {
            "name": "Nectria canker",
            "description": "Smaller cankers on twigs and small branches, often with orange-pink fruiting bodies visible at the canker margins. Cosmetic in most cases; severe infections cause branch dieback."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to the central US; thornless cultivars (Sunburst, Skyline, Shademaster, Imperial) dominate the urban shade tree trade. Tolerates poor soil, drought, urban pollution, road salt, and compacted soils — among the most tolerant of the common shade trees. Compound leaves cast filtered shade, allowing turf to grow underneath where solid-canopy trees fail. The same compound leaves drop as small leaflets in fall, often requiring no raking. Loss of dominance in the urban tree trade has occurred in some cities because the species was massively overplanted as an elm replacement in the 1960s–70s and is now considered a monoculture liability.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Urban trade workhorse; mimosa webworm pressure heavy.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Reliable; mimosa webworm and thyronectria moderate.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Drought-tolerant; reliable in alkaline soils.",
          "N-PLAINS": "Cold-hardy; reliable urban tree.",
          "MID-ATLANTIC": "Reliable; canker pressure on stressed trees.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Heat and drought workhorse."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 162,
      "botanicalName": "Amelanchier x grandiflora",
      "genus": "Amelanchier",
      "species": "x grandiflora",
      "cultivar": "Autumn Brilliance",
      "commonName": "Serviceberry",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White spring bloom, berries, fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; multi-season small tree, very common up north.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after bloom or in late winter before bud break.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light sucker removal anytime.",
          "notes": "Multi-stem form is natural and desirable. Remove suckers only if single-trunk form is intended. Autumn Brilliance is the standard landscape cultivar — single-trunk, reliable fall color, disease-resistant."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Japanese beetle",
            "description": "Skeletonized foliage in mid-summer. Pressure regional."
          },
          {
            "name": "Borers",
            "description": "Boring damage on stressed trees. Healthy trees resist."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Cedar-apple rust",
            "description": "Orange spots on leaves when eastern red cedar is nearby. Autumn Brilliance cultivar is resistant."
          },
          {
            "name": "Fire blight",
            "description": "Blackened shoot tips with shepherd's crook form. Prune out 12 inches below visible infection; sanitize tools."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native four-season tree: white spring flowers, edible blue-purple fruit (June), orange-red fall color, smooth gray bark in winter. One of the best small native trees for residential landscapes. Fruit is edible and excellent — frequently harvested for jams. Birds compete for fruit aggressively.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Native; cold-hardy; reliable four-season interest.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Native; widely planted; reliable.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Native; reliable.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Native at elevation; reliable."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 163,
      "botanicalName": "Cornus mas",
      "genus": "Cornus",
      "species": "mas",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Corneliancherry Dogwood",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Very early yellow bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Winter",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tough early-blooming dogwood for cold regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 164,
      "botanicalName": "Syringa reticulata",
      "genus": "Syringa",
      "species": "reticulata",
      "cultivar": "Ivory Silk",
      "commonName": "Japanese Tree Lilac",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large creamy summer flower panicles",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The tree-form lilac; common northern street tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 165,
      "botanicalName": "Picea pungens",
      "genus": "Picea",
      "species": "pungens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Colorado Blue Spruce",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Stiff blue-needled pyramid",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Signature blue conifer for cold-region landscapes.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Minimal pruning required. Remove dead branches anytime.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping in early summer after new growth (candles) has elongated — cut candles in half to slow growth.",
          "notes": "Do not cut into old wood — conifers in this family generally will not re-bud from bare wood. The visible green growth is the only growth zone the tree can produce from. Removing the lowest branches (limbing up) creates a permanent gap that cannot be filled."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Spruce gall adelgid",
            "description": "Pineapple-shaped galls at branch tips, formed in spring and visible through summer. Galls turn brown and persist on the tree for years. Cosmetic damage primarily; severe infestations distort branch structure."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spruce spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling and bronzing of needles, particularly on lower branches. Webbing visible at heavy infestation. Pressure peaks in hot dry summers and in trees adjacent to paved surfaces."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Cytospora canker",
            "description": "Lower branches die back from the trunk outward, often in a progressing pattern up the tree. Sticky white-to-cream sap exudes from cankers on affected branches. Once cytospora establishes, the tree's decline is essentially terminal — the disease moves up the tree year by year. Stressed trees in suboptimal locations (low elevation, humid sites) are most susceptible."
          },
          {
            "name": "Rhizosphaera needle cast",
            "description": "Second-year and older needles develop purple-brown discoloration then drop, leaving only current-year growth on outer branch tips. The tree takes on a thin, see-through appearance from below. Tiny black fungal fruiting bodies visible on infected needles under magnification."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to Colorado and the Rocky Mountains; performs best at higher elevations with cool dry conditions. East of the 100th meridian and below 5,000 ft. elevation, the tree is increasingly stress-susceptible — cytospora and needle cast pressure rise dramatically. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and white spruce (Picea glauca) outperform blue spruce in the Midwest and Northeast at this point. Hoopsii, Fat Albert, and Baby Blue Eyes are the named blue cultivars; needle color varies significantly by individual seedling on unnamed stock.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "MTN-WEST": "Native range; performs optimally; pest pressure minimal.",
          "N-PLAINS": "Cold-hardy; reliable; cytospora pressure moderate on aged trees.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Decline pressure significant — cytospora and needle cast widespread; trees commonly fail within 20 years.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Decline pressure moderate-to-heavy; consider Norway spruce alternatives.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Decline pressure heavy; not recommended for new plantings."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 166,
      "botanicalName": "Picea glauca",
      "genus": "Picea",
      "species": "glauca",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "White Spruce",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 6,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense hardy pyramid; dwarf forms common",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Species and dwarf Alberta forms both heavily used."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 167,
      "botanicalName": "Picea abies",
      "genus": "Picea",
      "species": "abies",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Norway Spruce",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast dark-green screen, drooping branchlets",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Fast evergreen screen/windbreak in the north."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 168,
      "botanicalName": "Abies concolor",
      "genus": "Abies",
      "species": "concolor",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "White Fir",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Soft blue-green needles, formal pyramid",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Refined specimen conifer for cold climates."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 169,
      "botanicalName": "Tsuga canadensis",
      "genus": "Tsuga",
      "species": "canadensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Eastern Hemlock",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Graceful evergreen, shade tolerant, shearable",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; screen or hedge. Watch hemlock woolly adelgid."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 170,
      "botanicalName": "Pinus strobus",
      "genus": "Pinus",
      "species": "strobus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Eastern White Pine",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 80,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Soft blue-green needles, fast screen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; fast evergreen screen for large sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 171,
      "botanicalName": "Pinus nigra",
      "genus": "Pinus",
      "species": "nigra",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Austrian Pine",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dark stiff needles, tolerates wind/salt",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Tough windbreak pine for plains and coast."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 172,
      "botanicalName": "Taxus x media",
      "genus": "Taxus",
      "species": "x media",
      "cultivar": "Densiformis",
      "commonName": "Anglojap Yew",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dark green, shade tolerant, shears well",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The default foundation evergreen in the Northeast/Midwest."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 173,
      "botanicalName": "Syringa vulgaris",
      "genus": "Syringa",
      "species": "vulgaris",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Common Lilac",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intensely fragrant spring panicles",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Northern dooryard classic; needs cold winters to thrive.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after bloom — typically late May to early June.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Renovation pruning of overgrown specimens: remove one-third of oldest canes to the ground each year over three years to renew the plant without sacrificing bloom.",
          "notes": "Blooms on old wood. Late-summer or fall pruning removes the following spring's flower buds entirely. Removing spent flower clusters (deadheading) is traditional but not critical to plant health. Suckers from the base appear annually — remove for tree form, leave for thicket form. Old neglected specimens can be cut to 18 inches above the ground for total renewal, with the understanding that 2–3 years of no bloom follow."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Lilac borer",
            "description": "D-shaped exit holes on lower trunk and major stems; sawdust at the base. Affected canes wilt and die back. Heavy infestations kill entire plants. Stressed and mechanically wounded plants most susceptible — string-trimmer damage at the trunk is a common entry point."
          },
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy or waxy growths on twigs and stems; honeydew and sooty mold below. Oystershell scale is the most common form on lilac; sevenformations require diagnostic ID."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on upper leaf surfaces in mid-to-late summer. Nearly universal on common lilac in humid summers; cosmetic — does not affect bloom the following spring. Resistant cultivars and species (S. patula 'Miss Kim', S. meyeri 'Palibin') show significantly less pressure."
          },
          {
            "name": "Bacterial blight",
            "description": "Black, water-soaked spots on leaves and stems; affected shoots wilt and die back from the tip. Cool wet spring weather favors development. Less common on common lilac than on Japanese tree lilac (S. reticulata)."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Iconic cold-region flowering shrub — zones 3–7 ideal, increasingly stressed south of zone 7. Requires <strong>at least 1,000 chill hours below 45°F</strong> for reliable bloom; the reason common lilac fails in the South. Full sun, alkaline-neutral soil, good drainage. Drought-tolerant once established. Bloom display lasts 2–3 weeks in spring — short but unforgettable. Newer dwarf reblooming cultivars (Bloomerang series, Boomerang Pink) attempt to extend bloom season but trade scent intensity for re-flowering — the traditional fragrant common lilac is still the standard for fragrance.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Iconic regional shrub; reliable bloom; minimal pressure.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Trade workhorse; mildew chronic late summer (cosmetic).",
          "MTN-WEST": "Reliable; cold-hardy; mildew light in dry climate.",
          "N-PLAINS": "Cold-hardy; reliable.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Reliable; mildew chronic late summer.",
          "GA-PIEDMONT": "Marginal — insufficient chill hours for reliable bloom in average years."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 174,
      "botanicalName": "Syringa meyeri",
      "genus": "Syringa",
      "species": "meyeri",
      "cultivar": "Palibin",
      "commonName": "Dwarf Korean Lilac",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 7,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Compact, fragrant, reliable bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Compact lilac for foundations and low hedges."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 175,
      "botanicalName": "Physocarpus opulifolius",
      "genus": "Physocarpus",
      "species": "opulifolius",
      "cultivar": "Diabolo",
      "commonName": "Ninebark",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dark/gold foliage forms, exfoliating bark",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; tough colored-foliage shrub, very popular.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after bloom — typically late May to early June.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Renewal pruning: remove one-third of oldest canes to ground level in late winter.",
          "notes": "Blooms on old wood. Natural arching form — avoid shearing into formal shapes. Diablo, Summer Wine, and Coppertina cultivars have burgundy-to-purple foliage that reverts to green in heavy shade."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal pest pressure",
            "description": "One of the most pest-free native shrubs. Deer-resistant in most regions."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on foliage in humid conditions. Green-leaved species form more susceptible than purple cultivars."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to North America. Exfoliating bark provides winter interest. Extremely cold-hardy, drought-tolerant once established, and adaptable to poor soils. Purple-leaved cultivars (Diablo, Summer Wine) have driven a resurgence in landscape use.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Native; cold-hardy workhorse; reliable in exposed sites.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Native; reliable; excellent replacement for invasive burning bush.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Reliable; drought-tolerant; alkaline-soil tolerant.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Native; reliable; mildew moderate on green forms."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 176,
      "botanicalName": "Cornus sericea",
      "genus": "Cornus",
      "species": "sericea",
      "cultivar": "Arctic Fire",
      "commonName": "Redtwig Dogwood",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Brilliant red winter stems",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; grown for winter stem color, tolerates wet.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring — coppice (cut to 6-12 inches) every 2-3 years for best stem color.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Remove one-third of oldest canes annually for continuous color without full coppicing.",
          "notes": "Young stems have the most vivid red color — old stems fade to gray-brown. Regular renewal pruning maintains the winter color display that is the plant's primary ornamental feature. Arctic Fire (compact) and Cardinal (vivid red) are the standard landscape cultivars."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy growths on stems. Heavy infestations cause dieback."
          },
          {
            "name": "Dogwood sawfly",
            "description": "Larvae skeletonize leaves in late summer. Usually cosmetic."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Leaf spot",
            "description": "Brown spots on leaves in humid conditions. Cosmetic; does not affect stem color display."
          },
          {
            "name": "Canker",
            "description": "Sunken dark areas on stems. Remove affected canes at the base."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native shrub grown primarily for brilliant red winter stem color — one of the few plants with significant winter ornamental value in the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest. Tolerates wet soils and part shade. Yellow-twig cultivar (Flaviramea) provides contrasting winter color.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Native; cold-hardy to zone 2; defining winter-interest shrub.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Native; widely planted; reliable.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Reliable; tolerates alkaline soils.",
          "NEW-ENGLAND": "Native; reliable; wet-soil tolerant."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 177,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex verticillata",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "verticillata",
      "cultivar": "Winter Red",
      "commonName": "Winterberry Holly",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Showy red winter berries on bare stems",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native deciduous holly; needs a male pollinator."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 178,
      "botanicalName": "Kalmia latifolia",
      "genus": "Kalmia",
      "species": "latifolia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mountain Laurel",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intricate spring flowers, evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; broadleaf evergreen for acid woodland sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 179,
      "botanicalName": "Rhododendron x PJM",
      "genus": "Rhododendron",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "PJM",
      "commonName": "PJM Rhododendron",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Early lavender-pink bloom, cold hardy",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The cold-hardy rhododendron standard for the north."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 180,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum dentatum",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "dentatum",
      "cultivar": "Blue Muffin",
      "commonName": "Arrowwood Viburnum",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White spring flowers, blue fruit, fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; adaptable workhorse massing shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 181,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum carlesii",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "carlesii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Koreanspice Viburnum",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Powerfully fragrant spring snowballs",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Grown for intense fragrance; common foundation shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 182,
      "botanicalName": "Viburnum trilobum",
      "genus": "Viburnum",
      "species": "trilobum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "American Cranberrybush",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White flowers, red fruit, red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; cold-hardy fruiting viburnum."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 183,
      "botanicalName": "Dasiphora fruticosa",
      "genus": "Dasiphora",
      "species": "fruticosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Shrubby Cinquefoil",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Nonstop yellow bloom, extremely hardy",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Bulletproof low shrub for cold, tough sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 184,
      "botanicalName": "Aronia melanocarpa",
      "genus": "Aronia",
      "species": "melanocarpa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Black Chokeberry",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White bloom, black fruit, red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; multi-season adaptable shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 185,
      "botanicalName": "Cotinus coggygria",
      "genus": "Cotinus",
      "species": "coggygria",
      "cultivar": "Royal Purple",
      "commonName": "Smokebush",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Purple foliage, smoky flower plumes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Bold purple-leaf specimen shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 186,
      "botanicalName": "Rhus aromatica",
      "genus": "Rhus",
      "species": "aromatica",
      "cultivar": "Gro-Low",
      "commonName": "Fragrant Sumac",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough low spreader, orange fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; bank and mass groundcover for hard sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 187,
      "botanicalName": "Astilbe",
      "genus": "Astilbe",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Astilbe",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2.5,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "High",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Feathery plumes for shade",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Standard shade perennial where summers stay cool/moist."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 188,
      "botanicalName": "Baptisia australis",
      "genus": "Baptisia",
      "species": "australis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "False Indigo",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Blue spring spikes, shrub-like habit",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; long-lived, drought-tough once established."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 189,
      "botanicalName": "Amsonia hubrichtii",
      "genus": "Amsonia",
      "species": "hubrichtii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bluestar",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Blue spring bloom, gold fall foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; fine-textured, brilliant fall color."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 190,
      "botanicalName": "Perovskia atriplicifolia",
      "genus": "Salvia",
      "species": "yangii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Russian Sage",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Airy blue-violet haze, silver stems",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Heat- and drought-proof; big in plains and mountain west.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring — cut to 6-12 inches above ground.",
          "secondaryWindow": "None required.",
          "notes": "Blooms on new growth — hard annual cutback produces the best flowering. Do not prune in fall; leave standing structure for winter interest and cold protection. Stems are woody at the base; cut above the lowest set of buds."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal pest pressure",
            "description": "Virtually pest-free. Deer-resistant. Rabbit-resistant."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Sudden collapse in overwatered or poorly draining sites. Russian sage demands well-drained soil."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Lavender-blue flower spikes from mid-summer through fall on aromatic silver-gray foliage. Extremely drought-tolerant, heat-tolerant, and adapted to poor alkaline soils. 2024 reclassified from Perovskia to Salvia yangii but the trade still uses Perovskia. Mass plantings create a lavender-like effect without the maintenance demands of true lavender.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Reliable; drought and alkaline adapted; excellent.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Climate-ideal; xeriscape standard.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Reliable; heat and drought tolerant.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Reliable; cold-hardy through zone 4.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Reliable; widely planted."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 191,
      "botanicalName": "Achillea millefolium",
      "genus": "Achillea",
      "species": "millefolium",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Yarrow",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Flat flower clusters, fern foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tough sun perennial for lean soils."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 192,
      "botanicalName": "Nepeta x faassenii",
      "genus": "Nepeta",
      "species": "x faassenii",
      "cultivar": "Walker's Low",
      "commonName": "Catmint",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2.5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Long blue-purple bloom, aromatic",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Reliable long-blooming edger; deer ignore it."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 193,
      "botanicalName": "Lavandula",
      "genus": "Lavandula",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Lavender",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant silver foliage and flower spikes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Needs sharp drainage; better in the west than humid SE."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 194,
      "botanicalName": "Liatris spicata",
      "genus": "Liatris",
      "species": "spicata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Blazing Star",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Vertical purple spikes, pollinator magnet",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; strong vertical accent for sunny beds."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 195,
      "botanicalName": "Sporobolus heterolepis",
      "genus": "Sporobolus",
      "species": "heterolepis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Prairie Dropseed",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine fountain habit, fragrant bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; refined prairie grass, popular in the Midwest."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 196,
      "botanicalName": "Bouteloua gracilis",
      "genus": "Bouteloua",
      "species": "gracilis",
      "cultivar": "Blonde Ambition",
      "commonName": "Blue Grama",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 2.5,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Eyebrow-shaped seed heads, very drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native short-grass; plains and mountain west staple."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 197,
      "botanicalName": "Leucophyllum frutescens",
      "genus": "Leucophyllum",
      "species": "frutescens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Texas Sage / Cenizo",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Silver foliage, purple bloom after rain",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Defining shrub of central/south Texas; needs heat and drainage.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth — typically February to March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping after bloom flushes acceptable; avoid heavy pruning.",
          "notes": "Resents heavy formal shearing — natural irregular silver-foliage form is the design intent. Shearing into hedge form produces interior dieback and significantly reduces the dramatic bloom flushes triggered by humidity. Texas sage blooms in response to rising humidity from passing weather systems — a unique trait among landscape shrubs, often called the &lsquo;barometer plant&rsquo; in trade publications. Hard renovation cuts are tolerated but eliminate bloom for 1–2 seasons while plants rebuild."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Cotton root rot (Phymatotrichum omnivorum)",
            "description": "Sudden wilt and death of plants in alkaline calcareous soils across central and west Texas. Affected plants pull from the soil easily with rotted root systems. Soil-borne and effectively untreatable in landscape conditions; primarily a Texas regional concern."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot (Phytophthora and Pythium)",
            "description": "Decline and dieback in overwatered or poorly draining sites. Texas sage is intolerant of wet feet — irrigation set for adjacent water-loving plants kills it reliably. The single most common decline cause in landscape installs."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas and northern Mexico. <strong>Exceptionally drought-tolerant, heat-tolerant, and adapted to alkaline soils</strong> — one of the few landscape shrubs that thrives in high-pH clay common across Texas Hill Country, the Plains, and the Desert Southwest. Full sun required for bloom. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 8a; marginal in zone 7b. Cultivar selection drives foliage and bloom color: Green Cloud (silver-green foliage, light purple blooms), White Cloud (silver foliage, white blooms), Compacta (smaller form), Rio Bravo (compact, heavy bloomer). The defining xeriscape shrub of the Southern Plains and Texas Central regions.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Native range workhorse; xeriscape standard; cotton root rot localized.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Reliable in alkaline soils; drought workhorse.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Reliable; heat and drought tolerant.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Used in xeriscape installations; reliable.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Marginal — humidity favors root rot in heavy soils."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 198,
      "botanicalName": "Dermatophyllum secundiflorum",
      "genus": "Dermatophyllum",
      "species": "secundiflorum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Texas Mountain Laurel",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant purple spring bloom, evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; slow but prized evergreen flowering tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 199,
      "botanicalName": "Ulmus crassifolia",
      "genus": "Ulmus",
      "species": "crassifolia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Cedar Elm",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough native shade tree for alkaline clay",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "The dependable large shade tree across Texas."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 200,
      "botanicalName": "Chilopsis linearis",
      "genus": "Chilopsis",
      "species": "linearis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Desert Willow",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Orchid-like flowers all summer",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; long-blooming small tree for hot dry sites.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter before spring growth — typically February.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Remove seed pods for aesthetics if desired; not required for plant health.",
          "notes": "Naturally forms a small multi-trunk tree. Minimal pruning needed once structure is established. Deciduous — drops leaves early in fall and leafs out late in spring, giving it a shorter canopy season than most shade trees."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal pest pressure",
            "description": "One of the most pest-free small trees in desert landscapes."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in overwatered or poorly draining sites. Desert willow is drought-adapted and intolerant of wet feet."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to desert washes of the Southwest. Showy orchid-like flowers (pink, burgundy, white) from late spring through fall attract hummingbirds. Extremely drought-tolerant — established trees survive on rainfall alone in most desert cities. Not a true willow (Salix); the common name refers to the narrow willow-like leaves.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "DESERT-SW": "Native; xeriscape staple; one of the best flowering small trees for desert conditions.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Native to western portion of region; reliable in alkaline soils.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Reliable; drought-adapted."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 201,
      "botanicalName": "Prunus mexicana",
      "genus": "Prunus",
      "species": "mexicana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mexican Plum",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fragrant white spring bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Early Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native understory flowering tree for Texas/plains."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 202,
      "botanicalName": "Quercus buckleyi",
      "genus": "Quercus",
      "species": "buckleyi",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Texas Red Oak",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 45,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Red fall color, drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Reliable red-fall-color oak for alkaline soils."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 203,
      "botanicalName": "Tecoma stans",
      "genus": "Tecoma",
      "species": "stans",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Esperanza / Yellow Bells",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bright yellow trumpets all summer",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Heat-loving color shrub; dies back in cold-snap winters.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter — cut back to 12-18 inches or remove dead top growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light tip-pruning in mid-summer to shape; deadheading optional.",
          "notes": "In zones 9-10 where it overwinters, hard annual pruning controls size. In zones 7-8 where it dies back to ground, remove dead top growth in spring. Blooms on new growth — hard pruning stimulates the heaviest flowering."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Whitefly",
            "description": "Small white insects in clouds when foliage is disturbed. Honeydew and sooty mold. More common in humid conditions."
          },
          {
            "name": "Caterpillars",
            "description": "Occasional leaf-feeding caterpillars. Cosmetic damage."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in overwatered or poorly draining sites. Esperanza is drought-tolerant and intolerant of wet feet."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Bright yellow trumpet-shaped flowers from late spring through frost — one of the showiest heat-tolerant flowering shrubs. Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies. Native to Texas and northern Mexico. Drought-tolerant once established. Gold Star cultivar is the compact landscape standard (4-6 ft).",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Native; heat and drought workhorse; reliable.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Reliable; heavy bloom in extreme heat.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Die-back perennial; reliable regrowth in zone 7.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable; heavy bloom.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Year-round bloom in frost-free zones."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 204,
      "botanicalName": "Hesperaloe parviflora",
      "genus": "Hesperaloe",
      "species": "parviflora",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Red Yucca",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Coral flower spikes, succulent rosette",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bulletproof accent; long bloom, zero care.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Remove spent flower stalks at base after bloom — typically late summer.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Remove dead lower leaves anytime for aesthetics.",
          "notes": "Minimal pruning required. The plant naturally maintains a clean rosette form. Do not cut the growing point or shear — it will not regenerate from hard cuts. Remove pups/offsets if colony spread is not desired."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Agave snout weevil",
            "description": "Boring damage at the base of the plant; sudden collapse. Less common on Hesperaloe than on Agave but occurs in the same landscapes."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Crown rot",
            "description": "Rot at the base in overwatered or poorly draining sites. Red yucca is extremely drought-tolerant and intolerant of wet conditions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Not a true yucca — Hesperaloe parviflora is in the asparagus family. Coral-red tubular flowers on arching 3-5 ft stalks attract hummingbirds from spring through fall. One of the most water-efficient flowering perennials available — established plants thrive on rainfall alone in most regions. Yellow-flowered form also available.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "DESERT-SW": "Xeriscape workhorse; virtually zero maintenance once established.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Native Texas species; reliable in alkaline soils; xeriscape standard.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Reliable; cold-hardy through zone 5.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable; drought-adapted; increasingly specified in water-wise designs.",
          "MTN-WEST": "Cold-hardy; reliable in well-drained sites."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 205,
      "botanicalName": "Salvia greggii",
      "genus": "Salvia",
      "species": "greggii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Autumn Sage",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Long-blooming, many colors, heat tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Workhorse small shrub-perennial for hot regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 206,
      "botanicalName": "Salvia leucantha",
      "genus": "Salvia",
      "species": "leucantha",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mexican Bush Sage",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Velvety purple fall flower spikes",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Big fall-blooming salvia for warm-zone borders."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 207,
      "botanicalName": "Nassella tenuissima",
      "genus": "Nassella",
      "species": "tenuissima",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mexican Feathergrass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine flowing texture, drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Popular soft-texture grass; reseeds, weedy in parts of CA."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 208,
      "botanicalName": "Muhlenbergia lindheimeri",
      "genus": "Muhlenbergia",
      "species": "lindheimeri",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Lindheimer's Muhly",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large silvery plumes, architectural",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Big native muhly; structural grass across Texas."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 209,
      "botanicalName": "Ilex decidua",
      "genus": "Ilex",
      "species": "decidua",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Possumhaw Holly",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 12,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bare winter branches loaded with red berries",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native; striking winter berry display."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 210,
      "botanicalName": "Yucca filamentosa",
      "genus": "Yucca",
      "species": "filamentosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Adam's Needle Yucca",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold evergreen rosette, tall flower stalk",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; hardy architectural accent, wide range."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 211,
      "botanicalName": "Agave americana",
      "genus": "Agave",
      "species": "americana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Century Plant",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Massive blue-gray succulent rosette",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bold desert/Texas accent; sharp spines, monocarpic."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 212,
      "botanicalName": "Dasylirion wheeleri",
      "genus": "Dasylirion",
      "species": "wheeleri",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Desert Spoon",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine silver-green spherical rosette",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Sculptural arid accent for Texas and the desert SW."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 213,
      "botanicalName": "Nerium oleander",
      "genus": "Nerium",
      "species": "oleander",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Oleander",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Long summer bloom, salt and heat proof",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Tough warm-zone screen; all parts highly toxic.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring — before new growth flushes.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping after the first bloom flush.",
          "notes": "Always wear gloves when pruning oleander — sap is severely toxic and can cause skin irritation. Do not burn pruning debris; smoke from oleander is also toxic. Bag and dispose of clippings rather than chipping or composting. Can be cut back hard for renewal (to 12–18 inches above the ground) every several years to control size and stimulate fresh growth — the plant tolerates aggressive pruning."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Oleander aphid",
            "description": "Bright yellow aphids in dense clusters on new growth and flower buds. Honeydew and sooty mold follow. Highly visible; cosmetic primarily but heavy infestations distort growth. The bright yellow color is diagnostic — distinct from most other aphids in the landscape."
          },
          {
            "name": "Oleander caterpillar",
            "description": "Bright orange caterpillars with black tufts, feeding in groups. Skeletonize foliage rapidly during outbreaks. Pressure heavy in Florida and Gulf Coast; less common in California plantings."
          },
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy or waxy growths on twigs and undersides of leaves. Heavy infestations cause yellowing and branch dieback."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Oleander leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa)",
            "description": "Browning and necrosis of leaf margins, progressing inward; entire leaves turn brown and drop. Bacterial disease spread by sharpshooter insect vectors. Confirmed and established throughout California and the Desert Southwest; declining established plantings are widespread in those regions. No effective treatment; affected plants decline over 2–5 years. Considered the primary reason oleander use is decreasing in California landscape design."
          },
          {
            "name": "Bacterial gall (oleander knot)",
            "description": "Rough, warty galls on stems, leaves, and seed pods. Disfiguring but rarely fatal. Spreads on pruning tools and through rain splash."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "All parts of the plant are severely toxic if ingested — to humans, pets, and livestock. A single leaf can be fatal to a child. Professional practice avoids siting in playgrounds, school grounds, near livestock fencing, and in residential yards with small children or pets. This is a cultural-policy decision the contractor and client make together — the diagnostic record is that toxicity is well-documented across all plant parts and persists in dried clippings. Beyond that, oleander is exceptionally heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant, salt-tolerant, and pollution-tolerant; it remains a workhorse along Western and Southern highway plantings for those reasons.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Oleander leaf scorch widespread; declining plantings common.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Leaf scorch pressure heavy; aphid and caterpillar moderate.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Caterpillar pressure heavy seasonally; leaf scorch present.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Caterpillar workhorse pest; reliable otherwise.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Heat-tolerant workhorse; leaf scorch pressure increasing."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 214,
      "botanicalName": "Punica granatum",
      "genus": "Punica",
      "species": "granatum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Pomegranate",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Orange-red flowers, ornamental fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Ornamental and dwarf forms used in warm-region beds.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter before bud break — typically February.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light sucker removal through growing season.",
          "notes": "Naturally multi-trunk; train to 3-5 trunks for best fruit production and ornamental form. Remove root suckers regularly. Wonderful cultivar is the standard fruiting variety; ornamental forms (Nana, Orange Master) are compact."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Leaf-footed bug",
            "description": "Large brown bugs on fruit and foliage. Cause fruit damage and cosmetic spotting. Hand-removal effective."
          },
          {
            "name": "Whitefly",
            "description": "Clouds of small white insects. Honeydew and sooty mold. Generally cosmetic."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Cercospora fruit spot",
            "description": "Dark spots on fruit skin. Cosmetic primarily; does not affect edibility."
          },
          {
            "name": "Heart rot",
            "description": "Internal fruit decay. Remove affected fruit."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Ancient fruiting shrub/small tree with orange-red flowers, ornamental fruit, and yellow fall color. Extremely heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, and adapted to alkaline soils. Wonderful cultivar produces large red fruit excellent for fresh eating and juice. Ornamental varieties available for non-fruiting landscape use.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "CA-INLAND": "Climate-ideal; hot dry summers produce best fruit.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Reliable; heat-tolerant; widely grown.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable; common in residential landscapes.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Reliable in zone 8b+; marginal in zone 7b."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 215,
      "botanicalName": "Bougainvillea",
      "genus": "Bougainvillea",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bougainvillea",
      "plantType": "Vine",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Brilliant papery bracts, prolific bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Frost-tender; vine or shrub form in warmest regions.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "After each bloom cycle — typically late winter and again after summer flush.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light tip-pruning anytime to shape; avoid heavy cuts during active bloom.",
          "notes": "Blooms on new growth. Hard pruning in late winter stimulates vigorous bloom the following season. The colorful \"flowers\" are actually bracts — true flowers are tiny white tubes inside. Thorns are significant — wear heavy gloves. Can be trained as a vine, shrub, standard, or espalier. Drought stress actually encourages heavier bloom; overwatering produces green growth at the expense of color."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Bougainvillea looper caterpillar",
            "description": "Green inchworm caterpillars that chew leaf edges, leaving scalloped margins. The most common pest. Hand-picking effective on small plantings; Bt for larger infestations."
          },
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth and bract bases. Honeydew and sooty mold follow. Generally cosmetic."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Sudden wilt and collapse in overwatered or poorly draining sites. Bougainvillea is highly drought-tolerant and intolerant of wet feet."
          },
          {
            "name": "Bacterial leaf spot",
            "description": "Dark spots on leaves in humid conditions. Worse in irrigated plantings with poor air circulation."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Requires full sun and heat to bloom well — shaded plantings produce green growth with minimal bract color. The most spectacular color display in the hottest, driest exposures. Frost-tender; dies back to ground below 30°F, killed outright below 25°F. In South Florida grows as a permanent vine/shrub; in Central Florida treat as a die-back perennial or container plant.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOUTH-FL": "Year-round color in frost-free zones; looper caterpillar is the primary maintenance concern.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Climate-ideal; spectacular on south-facing walls; minimal pest pressure in dry conditions.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Heat-tolerant; blooms best under drought stress; frost risk in Phoenix area Dec–Feb.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Marginal — dies back in hard freezes; used as container or seasonal display.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Marginal — occasional hard freeze kills to ground; reliable in protected coastal microclimates."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 216,
      "botanicalName": "Michelia figo",
      "genus": "Magnolia",
      "species": "figo",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Banana Shrub",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Banana-scented creamy flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Fragrant evergreen for warm Southern gardens."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 217,
      "botanicalName": "Podocarpus macrophyllus",
      "genus": "Podocarpus",
      "species": "macrophyllus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Yew Pine / Podocarpus",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Narrow upright evergreen, shears tightly",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Top warm-region hedge and screening plant."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 218,
      "botanicalName": "Hamelia patens",
      "genus": "Hamelia",
      "species": "patens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Firebush",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Red-orange tubular flowers, hummingbird magnet",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; nonstop heat-season color.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring — cut back to 12–18 inches above the ground.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping through the growing season acceptable; the plant blooms continuously on new growth so light cuts don't suppress bloom for long.",
          "notes": "In zones 10–11 where firebush is a year-round shrub, hard pruning annually controls size and renews bloom production. In zones 8b–9 where it dies back to the ground in winter, simply remove dead top growth in spring — the plant regrows 6–10 ft. in a single growing season. <strong>Confirm species at purchase</strong> — the native Florida Hamelia patens var. patens has been heavily diluted in the nursery trade by hybridization with H. patens 'African' and H. cuprea; the native form is the only one with full ecological value for native pollinators and migrating ruby-throated hummingbirds."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring; cosmetic, plants outgrow."
          },
          {
            "name": "Caterpillars (multiple)",
            "description": "Various caterpillar species — including the larvae of the pluto sphinx moth — feed on firebush foliage. Caterpillar damage is generally welcome on this plant as it supports native pollinators."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in waterlogged sites. Firebush prefers well-drained sandy soil and is intolerant of wet feet."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native Florida and Gulf Coast shrub with continuous orange-red tubular flowers spring through frost — a major nectar source for ruby-throated hummingbirds and the plant of choice for hummingbird-attracting designs. Full sun to part shade. Heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, salt-tolerant in some coastal forms. Cold-hardy reliably to zone 9a as a shrub; dies back to the ground in zone 8b and regrows; treated as a tender perennial in zone 8a. The native form is increasingly specified by ecologically-oriented designers seeking authentic regional planting; nursery sources for true native stock are limited and worth seeking out.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Native range; reliable workhorse; hummingbird-magnet design plant.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Native range; year-round shrub.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Reliable as a die-back perennial in zone 8b; year-round shrub in zone 9.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Reliable; coastal-form available.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Die-back perennial; reliable regrowth."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 219,
      "botanicalName": "Plumbago auriculata",
      "genus": "Plumbago",
      "species": "auriculata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Plumbago",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Sky-blue flower clusters all season",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Sprawling warm-region color shrub.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter — hard cutback to 12-18 inches before new growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Mid-season shaping after first bloom flush; light deadheading extends bloom.",
          "notes": "Blooms on new growth — hard annual pruning stimulates the heaviest flowering. In colder zones where it dies back to ground, simply remove dead top growth in spring. Can scramble to 6-10 ft if left unpruned; most plantings maintained at 3-4 ft."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Plumbago blue butterfly caterpillar",
            "description": "Caterpillars feed on leaves and flowers. Generally welcomed — the Cassius blue butterfly depends on plumbago as a larval host plant. Damage is cosmetic and plants recover quickly."
          },
          {
            "name": "Whitefly",
            "description": "Small white insects in clouds when foliage is disturbed. Heavy in humid conditions."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in waterlogged sites. Plumbago prefers well-drained conditions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Sky-blue flowers spring through frost — one of the few true-blue flowering landscape plants. Heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, salt-tolerant. Cassius blue butterfly host plant — the caterpillar damage is considered a feature, not a pest problem, in native-pollinator-friendly designs.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOUTH-FL": "Year-round bloom; Cassius blue butterfly host; reliable.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Die-back perennial; reliable regrowth; heavy bloom.",
          "GULF-COAST": "Marginal — hard freezes kill to ground; reliable in coastal zone 9b.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable in frost-free zones; minimal pest pressure."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 220,
      "botanicalName": "Hibiscus rosa-sinensis",
      "genus": "Hibiscus",
      "species": "rosa-sinensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Tropical Hibiscus",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large showy tropical flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Frost-tender flowering shrub; iconic warm-region color."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 221,
      "botanicalName": "Russelia equisetiformis",
      "genus": "Russelia",
      "species": "equisetiformis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Firecracker Plant",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Weeping habit, red tubular flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Cascading accent for walls and containers."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 222,
      "botanicalName": "Tulbaghia violacea",
      "genus": "Tulbaghia",
      "species": "violacea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Society Garlic",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Lavender flower clusters, grassy clump",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Tough edging perennial; long bloom."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 223,
      "botanicalName": "Agapanthus",
      "genus": "Agapanthus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Lily of the Nile",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Blue or white flower globes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Mass-planting perennial for warm regions and CA.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Remove spent flower stalks at the base after bloom.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Remove damaged or yellowed leaves anytime.",
          "notes": "Minimal pruning required. Divide overcrowded clumps every 4-5 years in spring to maintain bloom production. Plants bloom best when slightly root-bound — don't divide too frequently."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Snails/slugs",
            "description": "Irregular holes in leaves and flower stalks. Year-round in coastal conditions."
          },
          {
            "name": "Amaryllis borer",
            "description": "Tunneling damage in leaves and crown. Can kill plants if heavy."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Crown rot",
            "description": "Rot at the base in waterlogged conditions. Needs well-drained soil."
          },
          {
            "name": "Agapanthus virus",
            "description": "Yellow streaking on leaves. No treatment; remove infected plants."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Blue or white globe-shaped flower clusters on 2-4 ft stalks from late spring through summer. Evergreen forms (A. praecox) for mild climates; deciduous forms for colder zones. Extremely drought-tolerant once established. Mass plantings along drives and borders are a California landscape signature.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "CA-INLAND": "Reliable; heat-tolerant; widely planted.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Climate-ideal; mass plantings are a regional signature.",
          "NORCAL-COAST": "Reliable; evergreen forms thrive.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Reliable; Eastern lubber grasshopper feeds on foliage."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 224,
      "botanicalName": "Asparagus densiflorus",
      "genus": "Asparagus",
      "species": "densiflorus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Asparagus Fern",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2.5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine arching foliage, tough filler",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common warm-region groundcover/filler; can be weedy."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 225,
      "botanicalName": "Ruellia simplex",
      "genus": "Ruellia",
      "species": "simplex",
      "cultivar": "Katie",
      "commonName": "Dwarf Mexican Petunia",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Compact, purple bloom all season",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Use sterile dwarf forms; tall species is invasive in the SE."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 226,
      "botanicalName": "Crinum",
      "genus": "Crinum",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Crinum Lily",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large strappy clump, fragrant lily flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Long-lived heirloom bulb for the South."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 227,
      "botanicalName": "Syagrus romanzoffiana",
      "genus": "Syagrus",
      "species": "romanzoffiana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Queen Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 25,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast feather palm, glossy arching fronds",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "The default fast feather palm across Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 228,
      "botanicalName": "Phoenix roebelenii",
      "genus": "Phoenix",
      "species": "roebelenii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Pygmy Date Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Small graceful feather palm, often clustered",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Ubiquitous small accent palm; single or triple."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 229,
      "botanicalName": "Phoenix canariensis",
      "genus": "Phoenix",
      "species": "canariensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Canary Island Date Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Massive pineapple-trunked feature palm",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Large statement palm for estates and civic sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 230,
      "botanicalName": "Washingtonia robusta",
      "genus": "Washingtonia",
      "species": "robusta",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mexican Fan Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 80,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Very tall slender fan palm",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Skyline palm; fast and cheap, often overused."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 231,
      "botanicalName": "Dypsis lutescens",
      "genus": "Dypsis",
      "species": "lutescens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Areca Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Clustering golden-stemmed feather palm",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common clumping screen palm in South Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 232,
      "botanicalName": "Roystonea regia",
      "genus": "Roystonea",
      "species": "regia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Royal Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 80,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Towering smooth gray trunk, formal",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Signature South Florida boulevard palm."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 233,
      "botanicalName": "Adonidia merrillii",
      "genus": "Adonidia",
      "species": "merrillii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Christmas Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Compact feather palm, red winter fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Popular small palm; single, double, or triple."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 234,
      "botanicalName": "Wodyetia bifurcata",
      "genus": "Wodyetia",
      "species": "bifurcata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Foxtail Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Plumose foxtail-like fronds",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Hugely popular feature palm in South Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 235,
      "botanicalName": "Cocos nucifera",
      "genus": "Cocos",
      "species": "nucifera",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Coconut Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 80,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Iconic curving trunk, tropical canopy",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "The coastal South Florida icon."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 236,
      "botanicalName": "Bismarckia nobilis",
      "genus": "Bismarckia",
      "species": "nobilis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bismarck Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Huge silver-blue fan fronds",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bold blue specimen palm; needs space."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 237,
      "botanicalName": "Chamaerops humilis",
      "genus": "Chamaerops",
      "species": "humilis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mediterranean Fan Palm",
      "plantType": "Palm",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Clumping hardy fan palm",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Cold-hardiest feather-free palm; also used in CA/desert."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 238,
      "botanicalName": "Zamia integrifolia",
      "genus": "Zamia",
      "species": "integrifolia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Coontie",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough fern-like native cycad",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; durable evergreen groundcover-scale accent."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 239,
      "botanicalName": "Ixora coccinea",
      "genus": "Ixora",
      "species": "coccinea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Ixora",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense clusters of red/orange/pink bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Tropical flowering hedge; dwarf forms common."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 240,
      "botanicalName": "Codiaeum variegatum",
      "genus": "Codiaeum",
      "species": "variegatum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Croton",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Brilliant multicolor foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bold foliage-color shrub throughout South Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 241,
      "botanicalName": "Cordyline fruticosa",
      "genus": "Cordyline",
      "species": "fruticosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Ti Plant",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Upright strappy colorful foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Vertical foliage accent for tropical beds."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 242,
      "botanicalName": "Schefflera arboricola",
      "genus": "Schefflera",
      "species": "arboricola",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Dwarf Schefflera",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy umbrella foliage, fast hedge",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common tropical hedge; can self-sow in South Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 243,
      "botanicalName": "Clusia rosea",
      "genus": "Clusia",
      "species": "rosea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Clusia / Pitch Apple",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Thick paddle leaves, fast dense screen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Major South Florida hedge/screen plant."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 244,
      "botanicalName": "Chrysobalanus icaco",
      "genus": "Chrysobalanus",
      "species": "icaco",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Cocoplum",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy red-tipped foliage, salt tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; premier coastal hedge in the south.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Year-round in South Florida — no seasonal restriction.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Hedge maintenance every 4-6 weeks during growing season.",
          "notes": "Extremely tolerant of frequent hedging — one of the most maintenance-friendly native hedging plants. Red Tip cultivar is the landscape standard; green form is the coastal native. Can be maintained at 3-6 ft as a hedge or allowed to grow to 15-20 ft as a small tree."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Occasional; rarely significant on healthy plants."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal disease pressure",
            "description": "One of the most disease-resistant native landscape plants in South Florida."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native South Florida coastal shrub. Salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, deer-resistant. Red Tip cultivar has become the go-to native hedge replacement for non-native species. Produces edible purple-black fruit. Extremely low-maintenance once established.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOUTH-FL": "Native hedging workhorse; Red Tip is the landscape standard.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Cold-marginal; dies back in hard freezes.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Too tender for reliable use."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 245,
      "botanicalName": "Coccoloba uvifera",
      "genus": "Coccoloba",
      "species": "uvifera",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sea Grape",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 35,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large round leathery leaves, salt proof",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; beachfront screen, shrub or tree form."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 246,
      "botanicalName": "Conocarpus erectus",
      "genus": "Conocarpus",
      "species": "erectus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Buttonwood",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Silver or green forms, very salt tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; coastal hedge or small tree, silver form prized."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 247,
      "botanicalName": "Myrcianthes fragrans",
      "genus": "Myrcianthes",
      "species": "fragrans",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Simpson's Stopper",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine foliage, fragrant flowers, red fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; versatile hedge or small tree.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping anytime; tolerates formal hedging.",
          "notes": "Naturally forms a dense, rounded shrub or small tree to 20 ft. Can be maintained as a 6-8 ft hedge with regular shearing. One of the few native Florida shrubs that responds well to formal maintenance."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Eugenia psyllid",
            "description": "Causes puckered, distorted new leaves. Primarily a cosmetic issue; plants outgrow damage. Pressure seasonal."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in waterlogged sites. Prefers well-drained conditions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native Florida small tree/large shrub with fragrant white flowers and red-to-black berries that attract birds. One of the best native alternatives to non-native hedge plants (ficus, podocarpus) in South Florida — deer-resistant, salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established, attracts native pollinators.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOUTH-FL": "Native workhorse; increasingly specified as ficus and podocarpus replacement.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Reliable in protected sites; marginal in exposed locations.",
          "GA-COASTAL": "Marginal — cold hardiness limit."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 248,
      "botanicalName": "Strelitzia reginae",
      "genus": "Strelitzia",
      "species": "reginae",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bird of Paradise",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Iconic orange crane-like flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Sculptural accent for warm regions and coastal CA.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter — remove spent flower stalks and dead/damaged leaves.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Remove yellowed leaves anytime.",
          "notes": "Cut leaves and flower stalks at the base, as close to the soil as possible. Do not cut the growing tip. Divide overcrowded clumps every 4-5 years in spring to maintain bloom production — overcrowded plants produce leaves but fewer flowers."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Bumpy growths on leaf surfaces and stems. Heavy infestations cause yellowing."
          },
          {
            "name": "Snails",
            "description": "Irregular holes in leaves, especially in humid coastal conditions."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Decline in waterlogged sites. Prefers well-drained soil."
          },
          {
            "name": "Gray mold (Botrytis)",
            "description": "Gray fuzzy mold on damaged flowers in cool wet conditions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Iconic tropical-look perennial with orange-and-blue crane-shaped flowers. Despite tropical appearance, tolerates drought once established and brief frosts to 25°F without significant damage. Best bloom in full sun; shade reduces flower production. Slow to establish — may take 3-5 years to reach full bloom production from division.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Climate-ideal; iconic Southern California landscape plant.",
          "SOUTH-FL": "Reliable; year-round bloom potential.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Reliable in irrigated landscapes; frost protection needed in Phoenix Dec-Feb.",
          "CENTRAL-FL": "Reliable; occasional freeze damage recoverable."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 249,
      "botanicalName": "Strelitzia nicolai",
      "genus": "Strelitzia",
      "species": "nicolai",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "White Bird of Paradise",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Huge banana-like paddle foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Big architectural foliage plant for the tropics."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 250,
      "botanicalName": "Plumeria",
      "genus": "Plumeria",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Plumeria / Frangipani",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 25,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intensely fragrant tropical flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Fragrant small flowering tree for South Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 251,
      "botanicalName": "Delonix regia",
      "genus": "Delonix",
      "species": "regia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Royal Poinciana",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 60,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Spectacular red-orange summer canopy",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Spreading flamboyant shade tree; needs room."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 252,
      "botanicalName": "Tabebuia",
      "genus": "Handroanthus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Trumpet Tree (Tabebuia)",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 35,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Mass of pink or yellow spring trumpets",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Showy flowering tree across central and south Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 253,
      "botanicalName": "Swietenia mahagoni",
      "genus": "Swietenia",
      "species": "mahagoni",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mahogany",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 35,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 35,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense rounded canopy, strong shade tree",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Major South Florida street and shade tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 254,
      "botanicalName": "Bursera simaruba",
      "genus": "Bursera",
      "species": "simaruba",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Gumbo Limbo",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 25,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Distinctive red peeling bark, wind tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; hurricane-resilient shade tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 255,
      "botanicalName": "Ficus benjamina",
      "genus": "Ficus",
      "species": "benjamina",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Weeping Fig",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy dense foliage, sheared into tall hedges",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Common tall hedge in South Florida; aggressive roots."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 256,
      "botanicalName": "Tripsacum dactyloides",
      "genus": "Tripsacum",
      "species": "dactyloides",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Fakahatchee Grass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large arching native clump grass",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": true,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Florida native; durable large-scale landscape grass."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 257,
      "botanicalName": "Tradescantia pallida",
      "genus": "Tradescantia",
      "species": "pallida",
      "cultivar": "Purpurea",
      "commonName": "Purple Heart",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Vivid purple trailing foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Tough purple groundcover/filler for warm regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 258,
      "botanicalName": "Allamanda schottii",
      "genus": "Allamanda",
      "species": "schottii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bush Allamanda",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 10,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bright yellow trumpet flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Compact tropical flowering shrub for South Florida."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 259,
      "botanicalName": "Paspalum notatum",
      "genus": "Paspalum",
      "species": "notatum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bahiagrass",
      "plantType": "Turfgrass",
      "heightMinFt": 0,
      "heightMaxFt": 0,
      "widthMinFt": 0,
      "widthMaxFt": 0,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Low-input drought-tough warm-season turf",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Low-cost lawn turf for sandy Florida/Gulf soils."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 260,
      "botanicalName": "Parkinsonia x",
      "genus": "Parkinsonia",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Desert Museum",
      "commonName": "Palo Verde",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Green trunk, yellow spring bloom, thornless",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Thornless hybrid; the default desert shade/feature tree.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter before spring growth and bloom.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Storm damage cleanup after monsoon season.",
          "notes": "Light structural pruning to establish branch architecture. The species naturally forms an open, airy canopy — do not attempt to create dense shade. Green bark is photosynthetic; trunk and branch wounds are more visible than on bark-covered species. Desert Museum cultivar (hybrid) is the landscape standard — thornless, heavy bloom, vigorous."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Palo verde root borer",
            "description": "Large beetle (3-4 inches) whose larvae feed on roots for 2-3 years before emerging as adults in summer monsoon season. Adults are alarming but short-lived. Healthy trees tolerate larval feeding; stressed or overwatered trees may decline."
          },
          {
            "name": "Palo verde beetle / bark beetle",
            "description": "Stress-related bark beetle damage on drought-stressed or overwatered specimens."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Witches broom",
            "description": "Proliferation of dense, bushy growth on branch tips. Caused by a phytoplasma. Prune out affected branches."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Desert Museum hybrid is the gold standard for desert-adapted shade in Phoenix, Tucson, and Las Vegas landscapes. Photosynthetic green bark, yellow spring bloom, filtered shade, drought-tolerant once established. One of the few trees that thrive in 115°F+ urban heat islands without supplemental irrigation.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "DESERT-SW": "Regional signature tree; root borer is the defining pest; Desert Museum is the standard cultivar.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable in inland valleys; less common on coast.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Marginal — too cold for most of the region."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 261,
      "botanicalName": "Prosopis",
      "genus": "Prosopis",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mesquite",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 40,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Filtered shade, extremely drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native desert canopy tree; thornless hybrids preferred.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter before spring leaf-out — typically February.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Storm damage cleanup after monsoon season.",
          "notes": "Structural pruning in the first 5 years establishes the canopy form — mesquite naturally grows multi-trunk with low spreading branches. Raise the canopy for clearance underneath. Thorns on native species are significant (1-3 inches); hybrid thornless cultivars available for residential use."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Giant mesquite bug",
            "description": "Large (1+ inch), conspicuous brown-and-orange bugs on branches. Look alarming; damage is minimal. Clients frequently report them as a serious pest — arborist explanation usually suffices."
          },
          {
            "name": "Mesquite twig girdler",
            "description": "Small branches die and break off, hanging in the canopy. Beetles girdle twigs for egg-laying. Cosmetic; healthy trees tolerate it."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Slime flux / wetwood",
            "description": "Dark wet streaks on trunk with foul-smelling bacterial ooze. Cosmetic; not fatal. Common on stressed or pruning-wounded trees."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native leguminous tree that fixes nitrogen and thrives in the harshest desert conditions. Deep taproot accesses groundwater. Chilean mesquite (P. chilensis) and Argentine mesquite (P. alba) are the common landscape species; native Texas honey mesquite (P. glandulosa) is thornier but ecologically superior. Pods are edible and historically significant.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "DESERT-SW": "Regional signature tree; virtually zero supplemental water once established.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Native; reliable; thorny species common in rural landscapes.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Native range; reliable in alkaline soils."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 262,
      "botanicalName": "Acacia",
      "genus": "Acacia",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Acacia",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast desert shade, yellow puff flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Several species used; some reseed in desert regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 263,
      "botanicalName": "Olea europaea",
      "genus": "Olea",
      "species": "europaea",
      "cultivar": "Swan Hill",
      "commonName": "Fruitless Olive",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 25,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Silver-gray foliage, sculptural form",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Fruitless cultivars for low-litter Mediterranean look.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before new growth.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping through growing season; tolerates formal hedging.",
          "notes": "Swan Hill and Wilsonii are the standard fruitless cultivars — selected to eliminate the messy fruit drop of fruiting olives. Can be maintained as a small tree, large shrub, or formal hedge. Extremely long-lived (100+ years). Gray-green foliage provides Mediterranean texture."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Olive psyllid",
            "description": "Distorted new growth and honeydew. Cosmetic primarily."
          },
          {
            "name": "Scale insects",
            "description": "Black or brown bumps on twigs. Heavy infestations cause dieback."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Olive knot",
            "description": "Rough, warty galls on twigs and branches caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi. Spreads on pruning tools and rain splash. Sanitize tools between trees. Prune in dry weather."
          },
          {
            "name": "Verticillium wilt",
            "description": "One-sided branch dieback. Avoid planting where tomatoes, peppers, or other solanaceous crops were recently grown."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Mediterranean native with iconic silver-green foliage and gnarled trunk character at maturity. Extremely drought-tolerant, heat-tolerant, and long-lived. Fruitless cultivars eliminate the maintenance headache of fruit drop. Some California municipalities have banned or restricted new olive planting due to pollen allergies.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "CA-INLAND": "Climate-ideal; widely planted; olive knot in wet years.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Widely planted; some municipal planting restrictions.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Reliable; heat-tolerant.",
          "NORCAL-COAST": "Reliable in warmer microclimates."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 264,
      "botanicalName": "Pinus eldarica",
      "genus": "Pinus",
      "species": "eldarica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Afghan Pine",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Drought-tough evergreen for hot dry sites",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common desert windbreak and screen conifer.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Minimal; remove dead branches anytime.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Candle-pruning in spring if density control needed.",
          "notes": "Naturally forms a rounded to spreading canopy — do not attempt Christmas-tree form. Tolerates heavy pruning if needed for clearance. Fast-growing for a pine — 2-3 ft per year in optimal conditions."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Pine tip moth",
            "description": "Browning and curling of new growth tips. Multiple generations per year in warm climates."
          },
          {
            "name": "IPS bark beetle",
            "description": "Boring damage on drought-stressed trees. Pitch tubes on bark surface. Can be fatal to weakened trees."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Aleppo pine blight",
            "description": "Needle browning and branch dieback. Stress-related; proper irrigation reduces risk."
          },
          {
            "name": "Dothistroma needle blight",
            "description": "Red-brown banding on needles, progressing to needle drop. Worse in humid conditions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Fast-growing evergreen pine adapted to hot, dry, alkaline conditions. One of the few large evergreen trees reliable in the Desert Southwest and California inland valleys. Provides year-round green screening and shade. Eldarica pine is the standard nursery name. Tolerates caliche soils, heat, drought, and poor air quality.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "CA-INLAND": "Reliable; fast-growing; widely planted for screening.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Reliable; one of few large evergreens for desert conditions.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Reliable in alkaline soils.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Reliable; wind-tolerant."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 265,
      "botanicalName": "Chitalpa tashkentensis",
      "genus": "x Chitalpa",
      "species": "tashkentensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Chitalpa",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Long summer bloom, fast shade",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Catalpa x desert willow hybrid; common in SW and inland."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 266,
      "botanicalName": "Larrea tridentata",
      "genus": "Larrea",
      "species": "tridentata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Creosote Bush",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Iconic desert shrub, resinous foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native desert workhorse; essentially zero-water once set."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 267,
      "botanicalName": "Encelia farinosa",
      "genus": "Encelia",
      "species": "farinosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Brittlebush",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Silver foliage, mass of yellow daisies",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; bright spring color for desert beds."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 268,
      "botanicalName": "Justicia californica",
      "genus": "Justicia",
      "species": "californica",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Chuparosa",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Red tubular flowers, hummingbird magnet",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native desert flowering shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 269,
      "botanicalName": "Caesalpinia pulcherrima",
      "genus": "Erythrostemon",
      "species": "pulcherrima",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Red Bird of Paradise",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Brilliant orange-red summer flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Heat-loving color shrub; dies back in cold-snap winters."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 270,
      "botanicalName": "Ruellia peninsularis",
      "genus": "Ruellia",
      "species": "peninsularis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Desert Ruellia",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Purple bloom, clean mounding habit",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Tidy desert flowering shrub; well-behaved unlike R. simplex."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 271,
      "botanicalName": "Dodonaea viscosa",
      "genus": "Dodonaea",
      "species": "viscosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Hopseed Bush",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast upright screen, bronze-tinted forms",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common fast evergreen screen for warm/arid regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 272,
      "botanicalName": "Simmondsia chinensis",
      "genus": "Simmondsia",
      "species": "chinensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Jojoba",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dense gray-green, very drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Durable desert hedge/screen shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 273,
      "botanicalName": "Fouquieria splendens",
      "genus": "Fouquieria",
      "species": "splendens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Ocotillo",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 8,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 8,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dramatic spiny canes, red flower tips",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native sculptural accent; sold bare-root as canes."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 274,
      "botanicalName": "Carnegiea gigantea",
      "genus": "Carnegiea",
      "species": "gigantea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Saguaro",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Iconic columnar desert cactus",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Salvaged/permitted specimen; protected in Arizona."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 275,
      "botanicalName": "Ferocactus",
      "genus": "Ferocactus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Barrel Cactus",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Ribbed globe cactus, ring of bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common low desert accent cactus."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 276,
      "botanicalName": "Opuntia",
      "genus": "Opuntia",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Prickly Pear",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Flat pads, showy flowers, structural",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Wide-ranging structural cactus; spineless forms sold."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 277,
      "botanicalName": "Echinocactus grusonii",
      "genus": "Echinocactus",
      "species": "grusonii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Golden Barrel Cactus",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Golden-spined globe, used in mass",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Signature designer cactus, often grouped."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 278,
      "botanicalName": "Agave parryi",
      "genus": "Agave",
      "species": "parryi",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Parry's Agave",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Compact tight blue-gray rosette",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Hardiest common agave; usable into the mountain west."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 279,
      "botanicalName": "Yucca rostrata",
      "genus": "Yucca",
      "species": "rostrata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Beaked Yucca",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Spherical blue head on a trunk",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Premium architectural yucca; cold-hardy."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 280,
      "botanicalName": "Aloe",
      "genus": "Aloe",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Aloe",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Succulent rosettes, winter flower spikes",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Many species/hybrids for warm-region succulent gardens."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 281,
      "botanicalName": "Arbutus",
      "genus": "Arbutus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Marina",
      "commonName": "Strawberry Tree",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 20,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Mahogany bark, flowers + red fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall-Winter",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Popular evergreen flowering tree for CA and the PNW."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 282,
      "botanicalName": "Lophostemon confertus",
      "genus": "Lophostemon",
      "species": "confertus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Brisbane Box",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 30,
      "heightMaxFt": 45,
      "widthMinFt": 25,
      "widthMaxFt": 35,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy evergreen, peeling bark, tough street tree",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common evergreen street tree in coastal CA."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 283,
      "botanicalName": "Cercis occidentalis",
      "genus": "Cercis",
      "species": "occidentalis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Western Redbud",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 18,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 18,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Magenta spring bloom, drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "California native flowering small tree."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 284,
      "botanicalName": "Ceanothus",
      "genus": "Ceanothus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "California Lilac",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 10,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intense blue spring flower clusters",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "California native; signature blue-flowering shrub.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Immediately after spring bloom — typically May to June.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light tip-pruning only; avoid hard cuts into old wood — does not regenerate.",
          "notes": "Like rosemary, California lilac does not push new growth from bare old wood. Prune into green growth only. Many species are short-lived (10-15 years) — plan for replacement. Groundcover forms (Yankee Point, Centennial) need minimal pruning."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Aphids",
            "description": "Clusters on new growth in spring. Honeydew and sooty mold. Generally cosmetic."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Phytophthora root rot",
            "description": "Sudden decline and death in irrigated or poorly draining sites. California lilac is adapted to summer-dry conditions and is killed by summer irrigation — the number one cause of death in landscape use."
          },
          {
            "name": "Stem canker",
            "description": "Dieback of individual branches. Prune out affected wood."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native California shrub with spectacular blue-to-purple spring flowers. Extremely drought-tolerant once established — requires NO summer irrigation (summer water kills it via Phytophthora). One of the best native alternatives to non-native foundation shrubs in California landscapes. Nitrogen-fixing root nodules.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "NORCAL-COAST": "Native; climate-ideal; spectacular spring bloom.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Native; reliable in well-drained sites; no summer water.",
          "CA-INLAND": "Native; reliable; heat-tolerant species (C. cuneatus, C. leucodermis)."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 285,
      "botanicalName": "Arctostaphylos",
      "genus": "Arctostaphylos",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Manzanita",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Sculptural mahogany bark, urn flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter-Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "California native; many sizes from groundcover to large shrub.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "After bloom — typically late spring.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping anytime; avoid heavy cuts.",
          "notes": "Natural sculptural form is the design intent — do not shear. Smooth mahogany-red bark is a primary ornamental feature. Groundcover forms (Emerald Carpet, Pacific Mist) need minimal pruning. Tree forms (Dr. Hurd, Howard McMinn) can be limbed up to display trunk character."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Minimal pest pressure",
            "description": "Very pest-free in its native range."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Phytophthora root rot",
            "description": "Death in irrigated or poorly draining sites. Like California lilac, manzanita is killed by summer irrigation."
          },
          {
            "name": "Leaf gall",
            "description": "Fleshy distorted leaf growths caused by Exobasidium fungus. Cosmetic; remove by hand if desired."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native California shrub/small tree with distinctive smooth red bark, small urn-shaped flowers, and year-round evergreen structure. Extremely drought-tolerant — NO summer irrigation once established. One of the most architecturally striking native shrubs. Dr. Hurd cultivar trains as a small patio tree.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "NORCAL-COAST": "Native; climate-ideal; spectacular bark and form.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Native; reliable in well-drained unirrigated sites.",
          "CA-INLAND": "Native at elevation; heat-tolerant species available."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 286,
      "botanicalName": "Salvia clevelandii",
      "genus": "Salvia",
      "species": "clevelandii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Cleveland Sage",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Intensely fragrant foliage, blue flower whorls",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "California native; fragrant low-water sage."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 287,
      "botanicalName": "Westringia fruticosa",
      "genus": "Westringia",
      "species": "fruticosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Coast Rosemary",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine gray-green foliage, shears well, salt tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Workhorse coastal CA hedge/mass shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 288,
      "botanicalName": "Cistus",
      "genus": "Cistus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Rockrose",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Crepe-papery flowers, very drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Mediterranean shrub for hot dry slopes."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 289,
      "botanicalName": "Rosmarinus officinalis",
      "genus": "Salvia",
      "species": "rosmarinus",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Rosemary",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Aromatic foliage, blue flowers, upright or trailing",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter-Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Culinary and landscape; trailing forms for walls.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "After spring bloom — typically late April to May.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Light shaping anytime through growing season; avoid hard cuts into old wood — rosemary does not regenerate from bare wood.",
          "notes": "Never cut below the green foliage line into bare brown wood — the plant will not push new growth from old wood. This is the most common pruning mistake with rosemary. Shape by cutting into green growth only. Prostrate forms make excellent groundcover on slopes and retaining walls."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Spider mite",
            "description": "Fine stippling and bronzing on foliage in hot dry conditions. Webbing visible at heavy infestation."
          },
          {
            "name": "Spittlebug",
            "description": "Foamy white masses on stems in spring. Cosmetic; no treatment needed."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Root rot",
            "description": "Sudden wilt and collapse in overwatered or poorly draining sites. The number one killer of rosemary in landscape use — most failures are from overwatering."
          },
          {
            "name": "Powdery mildew",
            "description": "White coating on foliage in humid conditions with poor air circulation. Rare in dry climates."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Mediterranean native that thrives in hot, dry, well-drained conditions. Both culinary and ornamental landscape use. Arp, Hill Hardy, and Madeline Hill cultivars rated cold-hardy to zone 7. Tuscan Blue is the standard upright landscape cultivar. Prostrate rosemary (Prostratus, Irene) used as groundcover.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Climate-ideal; virtually zero maintenance in well-drained sites.",
          "DESERT-SW": "Reliable in irrigated landscapes; full sun.",
          "NORCAL-COAST": "Reliable; root rot risk in wet winter soils.",
          "PNW": "Marginal — wet winters increase root rot risk significantly.",
          "TX-CENTRAL": "Reliable in well-drained sites; Arp cultivar for cold hardiness."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 290,
      "botanicalName": "Leptospermum",
      "genus": "Leptospermum",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Tea Tree",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine foliage, profuse small flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Mediterranean-climate flowering screen shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 291,
      "botanicalName": "Phormium tenax",
      "genus": "Phormium",
      "species": "tenax",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "New Zealand Flax",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold upright sword foliage, many colors",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Architectural accent across CA and the PNW.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring — remove dead, damaged, or yellowed leaves at the base.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Remove spent flower stalks after bloom.",
          "notes": "Pull or cut individual leaves rather than shearing. Never cut across the fan of leaves — it ruins the architectural form. Remove entire leaves at the base. Divide overcrowded clumps every 5-7 years."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Mealybugs",
            "description": "White cottony masses in the crown. More common on stressed plants."
          },
          {
            "name": "Snails/slugs",
            "description": "Irregular holes and feeding damage on leaves in coastal conditions."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Phormium yellow leaf virus",
            "description": "Yellow streaking on leaves, progressing to overall yellowing and decline. No treatment; remove and replace infected plants."
          },
          {
            "name": "Crown rot",
            "description": "Rot at the base in waterlogged conditions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Dramatic architectural perennial with sword-like leaves in bronze, red, green, and variegated forms. Salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant once established. Maori Sunrise, Platt's Black, and Rainbow Maiden are popular cultivars. Used as focal points, mass plantings, and container specimens.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "NORCAL-COAST": "Climate-ideal; spectacular in coastal gardens.",
          "SOCAL-COAST": "Reliable; widely planted; salt-tolerant.",
          "CA-INLAND": "Reliable in irrigated landscapes; heat-tolerant."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 292,
      "botanicalName": "Echium candicans",
      "genus": "Echium",
      "species": "candicans",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Pride of Madeira",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Dramatic blue-purple flower spires",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bold coastal CA accent; can self-sow near the coast."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 293,
      "botanicalName": "Lavandula stoechas",
      "genus": "Lavandula",
      "species": "stoechas",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Spanish Lavender",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2.5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Topped flower spikes, aromatic",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Better heat/humidity tolerance than English lavender."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 294,
      "botanicalName": "Achillea",
      "genus": "Achillea",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "Moonshine",
      "commonName": "Yarrow (Moonshine)",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1.5,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bright yellow flat flower heads, silver foliage",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Common low-water perennial in the west."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 295,
      "botanicalName": "Festuca glauca",
      "genus": "Festuca",
      "species": "glauca",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Blue Fescue",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 0.75,
      "heightMaxFt": 1,
      "widthMinFt": 0.75,
      "widthMaxFt": 1,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tight powder-blue tuft",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Popular small blue accent grass."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 296,
      "botanicalName": "Senecio mandraliscae",
      "genus": "Curio",
      "species": "talinoides",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Blue Chalk Sticks",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 9,
      "zoneMax": 11,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Blue-gray finger succulent groundcover",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Popular succulent groundcover for warm-dry regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 297,
      "botanicalName": "Delosperma cooperi",
      "genus": "Delosperma",
      "species": "cooperi",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Ice Plant",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 0.25,
      "heightMaxFt": 0.5,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 2,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Succulent mat, neon flowers",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Drought groundcover for slopes; hardy forms reach the mountain west."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 298,
      "botanicalName": "Baccharis pilularis",
      "genus": "Baccharis",
      "species": "pilularis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Coyote Brush",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 10,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough evergreen bank cover",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "California native; low-water slope and mass cover."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 299,
      "botanicalName": "Acer circinatum",
      "genus": "Acer",
      "species": "circinatum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Vine Maple",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 10,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Multi-stem, brilliant fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "PNW native understory maple."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 300,
      "botanicalName": "Cornus nuttallii",
      "genus": "Cornus",
      "species": "nuttallii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Pacific Dogwood",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Large white spring bracts",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "PNW native flowering dogwood."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 301,
      "botanicalName": "Thuja plicata",
      "genus": "Thuja",
      "species": "plicata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Western Red Cedar",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fast native evergreen screen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "PNW native; large-scale screen and hedge."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 302,
      "botanicalName": "Pseudotsuga menziesii",
      "genus": "Pseudotsuga",
      "species": "menziesii",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Douglas Fir",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 80,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 6,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Iconic PNW conifer",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "PNW native; large evergreen for big sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 303,
      "botanicalName": "Mahonia aquifolium",
      "genus": "Berberis",
      "species": "aquifolium",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Oregon Grape",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Holly-like foliage, yellow bloom, blue fruit",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "PNW native broadleaf evergreen for shade."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 304,
      "botanicalName": "Gaultheria shallon",
      "genus": "Gaultheria",
      "species": "shallon",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Salal",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough native evergreen groundcover/shrub",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "PNW native; durable shade evergreen."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 305,
      "botanicalName": "Polystichum munitum",
      "genus": "Polystichum",
      "species": "munitum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Western Sword Fern",
      "plantType": "Perennial",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bold evergreen native fern",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "PNW native; backbone shade fern."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 306,
      "botanicalName": "Choisya ternata",
      "genus": "Choisya",
      "species": "ternata",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mexican Orange",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 7,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy aromatic foliage, fragrant white bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Popular fragrant evergreen in the PNW and coastal CA."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 307,
      "botanicalName": "Sarcococca",
      "genus": "Sarcococca",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Sweet Box",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 1.5,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 6,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Part Shade, Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Glossy evergreen, intensely fragrant winter bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Winter",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Top fragrant evergreen groundcover/low shrub for shade."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 308,
      "botanicalName": "Hebe",
      "genus": "Hebe",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Hebe",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 4,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 8,
      "zoneMax": 10,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tidy evergreen mounds, flower spikes",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Mild-climate evergreen for the PNW and coastal CA."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 309,
      "botanicalName": "Populus tremuloides",
      "genus": "Populus",
      "species": "tremuloides",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Quaking Aspen",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 50,
      "widthMinFt": 10,
      "widthMaxFt": 30,
      "zoneMin": 1,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White bark, golden fall color, suckering clumps",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Signature mountain-west tree; best in cooler elevations."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 310,
      "botanicalName": "Acer ginnala",
      "genus": "Acer",
      "species": "tataricum",
      "cultivar": "ginnala",
      "commonName": "Amur Maple",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 20,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 20,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough small tree, red fall color",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Hardy small tree; can self-sow in some regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 311,
      "botanicalName": "Sorbus aucuparia",
      "genus": "Sorbus",
      "species": "aucuparia",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "European Mountain Ash",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 40,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 6,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White bloom, showy orange-red berries",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Cold-region ornamental; berries for winter interest."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 312,
      "botanicalName": "Crataegus",
      "genus": "Crataegus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Hawthorn",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 15,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Spring bloom, persistent fruit, tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Durable small tree for cold and exposed sites."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 313,
      "botanicalName": "Caryopteris x clandonensis",
      "genus": "Caryopteris",
      "species": "x clandonensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bluebeard",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 5,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Blue late-summer bloom, aromatic",
      "bloomSeason": "Late Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Low-water late-season color; cut back hard each spring."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 314,
      "botanicalName": "Cercocarpus",
      "genus": "Cercocarpus",
      "species": "x",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Mountain Mahogany",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 15,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Native, extremely drought and cold tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Mountain-west native screen/specimen shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 315,
      "botanicalName": "Fallugia paradoxa",
      "genus": "Fallugia",
      "species": "paradoxa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Apache Plume",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 3,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Semi-evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "White flowers + pink feathery seed plumes",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring-Fall",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native arid-west shrub; long ornamental season."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 316,
      "botanicalName": "Ericameria nauseosa",
      "genus": "Ericameria",
      "species": "nauseosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Rubber Rabbitbrush",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 5,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 5,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Silver foliage, gold fall bloom",
      "bloomSeason": "Fall",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native; tough low-water shrub for cold dry regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 317,
      "botanicalName": "Shepherdia argentea",
      "genus": "Shepherdia",
      "species": "argentea",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Silver Buffaloberry",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 6,
      "heightMaxFt": 12,
      "widthMinFt": 6,
      "widthMaxFt": 12,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Silver foliage, very hardy, windbreak",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Extremely cold-hardy native for plains/mountain windbreaks."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 318,
      "botanicalName": "Prunus besseyi",
      "genus": "Prunus",
      "species": "besseyi",
      "cultivar": "Pawnee Buttes",
      "commonName": "Western Sand Cherry",
      "plantType": "Groundcover",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 1.5,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Low spreading, white bloom, drought tough",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Hardy native-derived groundcover shrub for cold regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 319,
      "botanicalName": "Festuca idahoensis",
      "genus": "Festuca",
      "species": "idahoensis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Idaho Fescue",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 1,
      "heightMaxFt": 2,
      "widthMinFt": 1,
      "widthMaxFt": 1.5,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Fine blue-green native bunchgrass",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Native cool-season bunchgrass for the interior west."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 320,
      "botanicalName": "Helictotrichon sempervirens",
      "genus": "Helictotrichon",
      "species": "sempervirens",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Blue Oat Grass",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Grass",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 2,
      "widthMaxFt": 3,
      "zoneMin": 4,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Spiky steel-blue evergreen tuft",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Popular blue accent grass, hardier than blue fescue."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 321,
      "botanicalName": "Ulmus americana",
      "genus": "Ulmus",
      "species": "americana",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "American Elm (DED-resistant)",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 60,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Classic vase canopy; use resistant cultivars",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Disease-resistant cultivars (Princeton, Valley Forge) only."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 322,
      "botanicalName": "Celtis occidentalis",
      "genus": "Celtis",
      "species": "occidentalis",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Common Hackberry",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 40,
      "heightMaxFt": 60,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 50,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 9,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Extremely tough, wind and cold hardy",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bulletproof shade tree for the northern plains."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 323,
      "botanicalName": "Quercus macrocarpa",
      "genus": "Quercus",
      "species": "macrocarpa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Bur Oak",
      "plantType": "Shade Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 50,
      "heightMaxFt": 70,
      "widthMinFt": 40,
      "widthMaxFt": 60,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Massive, exceptionally cold and drought hardy",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "One of the toughest oaks; prairie and plains anchor tree.",
      "careProfile": {
        "pruning": {
          "primaryWindow": "Late winter to early spring before bud break — typically February through March.",
          "secondaryWindow": "Summer pruning acceptable for minor structural work.",
          "notes": "Slow-growing but extremely long-lived (300-400+ years). Structural pruning in the first 10 years is critical for long-term form. Co-dominant leaders must be addressed early. Massive at maturity — site with 60+ ft canopy spread in mind."
        },
        "pests": [
          {
            "name": "Gall wasps",
            "description": "Various gall types on leaves and twigs. Cosmetic only — even heavy gall loads do not affect tree health."
          },
          {
            "name": "Lace bug",
            "description": "Stippled, bronzed foliage. Cosmetic in most years."
          }
        ],
        "pathogens": [
          {
            "name": "Bur oak blight",
            "description": "Leaf browning and premature defoliation in late summer, caused by Tubakia iowensis. Emerging disease in the Upper Midwest. Consecutive years of defoliation can stress trees."
          },
          {
            "name": "Oak wilt",
            "description": "Bur oak is in the white oak group and more resistant to oak wilt than red oaks, but not immune. Avoid pruning April through July in oak wilt regions."
          }
        ],
        "cultural": "Native to the Great Plains and Midwest. One of the most drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant, and alkaline-soil-tolerant oaks. Massive acorns with distinctive fringed caps. The defining native shade tree of the Northern Plains — survives conditions that kill most other large shade trees.",
        "regionalPressure": {
          "N-PLAINS": "Native defining shade tree; bur oak blight emerging concern.",
          "UP-MIDWEST": "Native; reliable; bur oak blight in some areas.",
          "S-PLAINS": "Native; drought and alkaline tolerant.",
          "LOW-MIDWEST": "Native; reliable."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "plantId": 324,
      "botanicalName": "Prunus virginiana",
      "genus": "Prunus",
      "species": "virginiana",
      "cultivar": "Schubert",
      "commonName": "Canada Red Chokecherry",
      "plantType": "Ornamental Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 15,
      "widthMaxFt": 25,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "New growth emerges green then turns purple",
      "bloomSeason": "Spring",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Very hardy purple-foliage small tree for cold regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 325,
      "botanicalName": "Juniperus scopulorum",
      "genus": "Juniperus",
      "species": "scopulorum",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Rocky Mountain Juniper",
      "plantType": "Evergreen Tree",
      "heightMinFt": 20,
      "heightMaxFt": 30,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 15,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Evergreen",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Narrow blue-green native evergreen",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Slow",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": true,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Native upright juniper for screens and windbreaks."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 326,
      "botanicalName": "Cornus alba",
      "genus": "Cornus",
      "species": "alba",
      "cultivar": "Sibirica",
      "commonName": "Tatarian Dogwood",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 5,
      "heightMaxFt": 8,
      "widthMinFt": 5,
      "widthMaxFt": 8,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun, Part Shade",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Bright coral-red winter stems",
      "bloomSeason": "",
      "growthRate": "Fast",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Very hardy redtwig type for the coldest regions."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 327,
      "botanicalName": "Rosa rugosa",
      "genus": "Rosa",
      "species": "rugosa",
      "cultivar": "",
      "commonName": "Rugosa Rose",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 4,
      "heightMaxFt": 6,
      "widthMinFt": 4,
      "widthMaxFt": 6,
      "zoneMin": 2,
      "zoneMax": 7,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Low",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Tough, salt and cold proof, hips",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": true,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": true,
      "notes": "Bulletproof shrub rose; can sucker, naturalizes on coasts."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 328,
      "botanicalName": "Spiraea x bumalda",
      "genus": "Spiraea",
      "species": "x bumalda",
      "cultivar": "Anthony Waterer",
      "commonName": "Bumald Spirea",
      "plantType": "Deciduous Shrub",
      "heightMinFt": 2,
      "heightMaxFt": 3,
      "widthMinFt": 3,
      "widthMaxFt": 4,
      "zoneMin": 3,
      "zoneMax": 8,
      "light": "Full Sun",
      "waterNeeds": "Moderate",
      "foliage": "Deciduous",
      "ornamentalTrait": "Pink summer bloom, compact",
      "bloomSeason": "Summer",
      "growthRate": "Moderate",
      "nativeSE": false,
      "invasive": false,
      "deerResistant": false,
      "saltTolerant": false,
      "notes": "Hardy compact spirea for cold-region mass plantings."
    }
  ],
  "regions": [
    {
      "id": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "name": "Southeast Piedmont & Mid-South",
      "anchorCities": "Atlanta, Charlotte, Nashville, Raleigh",
      "hardinessZones": "7b-8a",
      "note": "PRIMARY list in this file. Humid, clay soils, palms unreliable."
    },
    {
      "id": "GA-COASTAL",
      "name": "North Florida & Lowcountry Coastal",
      "anchorCities": "Jacksonville, Savannah, Charleston",
      "hardinessZones": "8b-9a",
      "note": "Secondary rows in this file. Sandy soil, salt, palms viable."
    },
    {
      "id": "PNW",
      "name": "Pacific Northwest",
      "anchorCities": "Seattle, Portland",
      "hardinessZones": "7b-9a",
      "note": "Wet mild winters, acidic soil."
    },
    {
      "id": "NORCAL-COAST",
      "name": "Northern California Coastal",
      "anchorCities": "San Francisco, Santa Rosa",
      "hardinessZones": "9b-10a",
      "note": "Mediterranean, mild year-round."
    },
    {
      "id": "SOCAL-COAST",
      "name": "Southern California Coastal",
      "anchorCities": "Los Angeles, San Diego",
      "hardinessZones": "10a-10b",
      "note": "Mediterranean-subtropical, near frost-free."
    },
    {
      "id": "CA-INLAND",
      "name": "California Central Valley & Inland",
      "anchorCities": "Sacramento, Fresno, Bakersfield",
      "hardinessZones": "9a-9b",
      "note": "Hot dry summers, cool winters."
    },
    {
      "id": "DESERT-SW",
      "name": "Desert Southwest",
      "anchorCities": "Phoenix, Tucson, Las Vegas",
      "hardinessZones": "9a-10a",
      "note": "Arid, alkaline, extreme heat."
    },
    {
      "id": "MTN-WEST",
      "name": "Mountain West & Intermountain",
      "anchorCities": "Denver, Salt Lake City, Boise",
      "hardinessZones": "4b-6a",
      "note": "High elevation, cold and dry."
    },
    {
      "id": "N-PLAINS",
      "name": "Northern Plains",
      "anchorCities": "Fargo, Bismarck, Billings",
      "hardinessZones": "3a-4b",
      "note": "Severe winters, short season."
    },
    {
      "id": "S-PLAINS",
      "name": "Southern Plains",
      "anchorCities": "Oklahoma City, Wichita, Amarillo",
      "hardinessZones": "6b-7b",
      "note": "Hot summers, variable cold snaps."
    },
    {
      "id": "UP-MIDWEST",
      "name": "Upper Midwest & Great Lakes",
      "anchorCities": "Minneapolis, Milwaukee, Madison",
      "hardinessZones": "3b-5a",
      "note": "Cold continental."
    },
    {
      "id": "LOW-MIDWEST",
      "name": "Lower Midwest & Ohio Valley",
      "anchorCities": "Chicago, Indianapolis, St. Louis",
      "hardinessZones": "5b-6b",
      "note": "Continental, moderate."
    },
    {
      "id": "NEW-ENGLAND",
      "name": "New England & Upstate",
      "anchorCities": "Boston, Hartford, Albany",
      "hardinessZones": "4b-6a",
      "note": "Cold winters."
    },
    {
      "id": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "name": "Mid-Atlantic",
      "anchorCities": "New York City, Philadelphia, Washington DC",
      "hardinessZones": "6b-7b",
      "note": "Transitional."
    },
    {
      "id": "TX-CENTRAL",
      "name": "Texas Hill Country & Central",
      "anchorCities": "Austin, San Antonio, Dallas-Fort Worth",
      "hardinessZones": "8a-9a",
      "note": "Alkaline clay, intense heat."
    },
    {
      "id": "GULF-COAST",
      "name": "Gulf Coast & Deep South",
      "anchorCities": "Houston, New Orleans, Mobile, Pensacola",
      "hardinessZones": "8b-9b",
      "note": "Hot, humid."
    },
    {
      "id": "CENTRAL-FL",
      "name": "Central Florida",
      "anchorCities": "Orlando, Tampa",
      "hardinessZones": "9b-10a",
      "note": "Transitional subtropical."
    },
    {
      "id": "SOUTH-FL",
      "name": "South Florida Subtropical",
      "anchorCities": "Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Naples",
      "hardinessZones": "10b-11a",
      "note": "True tropical palette."
    }
  ],
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    },
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      "plantId": 2,
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      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 3,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 6,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 7,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 8,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 9,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    {
      "plantId": 12,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 13,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 14,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 15,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 16,
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
      "plantId": 20,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 21,
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    },
    {
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    {
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 24,
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    {
      "plantId": 25,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 26,
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      "commonness": 2,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 27,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 28,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 29,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 30,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 31,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 32,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 33,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 34,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
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    {
      "plantId": 35,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
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    {
      "plantId": 36,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
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    {
      "plantId": 37,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 38,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 39,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 40,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 41,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 42,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 43,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 44,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 45,
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      "commonness": 2,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 46,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 47,
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    {
      "plantId": 48,
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    {
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 50,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 51,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 52,
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      "commonness": 1,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 53,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 54,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 55,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 56,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 57,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 58,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 59,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 67,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 68,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 69,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 70,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 71,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 72,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 73,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 74,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 77,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 78,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 79,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 80,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 81,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 83,
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 84,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    {
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    {
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    },
    {
      "plantId": 90,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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    {
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    {
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      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 113,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 114,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 115,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 116,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 117,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 118,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 119,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 120,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 121,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 122,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 123,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 124,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 125,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 126,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 127,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 128,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 129,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 130,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 131,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 132,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 133,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 134,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 135,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 136,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 137,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 138,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 139,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 140,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 141,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 142,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 143,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 144,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 145,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 146,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 147,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 148,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 149,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 150,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 151,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 152,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 153,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 154,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 155,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 156,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 157,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 158,
      "regionId": "GA-PIEDMONT",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 7,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Signature coastal canopy tree; far more common here than inland."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 27,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Common in coastal landscapes."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 41,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Native; very common coastal screen."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 42,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Heavily used coastal screening shrub."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 49,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Thrives in coastal heat and sandy soil."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 60,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Reliable coastal hedge; cold hardiness is a non-issue here."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 61,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Boxwood blight + heat make hollies/distylium more common choices."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 75,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Less reliable in coastal heat; not a coastal staple."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 96,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Used, but liriope/mondo dominate coastal groundcover."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 124,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Coastal signature palm — a core install here."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 125,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Used inland-of-coast; common but not the default coastal palm."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 126,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Common coastal feature palm."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 128,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Very common coastal accent."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 149,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Excellent shade-tolerant coastal lawn turf."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 145,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Cool-season fescue struggles in coastal heat — rarely the right call."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 33,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Marginal cold hardiness is irrelevant here; used more freely."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 80,
      "regionId": "GA-COASTAL",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal",
      "regionNote": "Common; salt and sandy soil tolerated well."
    },
    {
      "plantId": 1,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 159,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 5,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 3,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 21,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 22,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 23,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 24,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 19,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 27,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 35,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 39,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 65,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 57,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 79,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 80,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 83,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 85,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 72,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 172,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 67,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 98,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 99,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 100,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 120,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, 3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 77,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 81,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 1,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 30,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 4,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 10,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 9,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 16,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 11,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 28,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 36,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 37,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 34,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 64,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 58,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 54,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 70,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 49,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 179,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 82,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 86,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 87,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 88,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 89,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 181,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 180,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 175,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 176,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 174,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 162,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 125,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, 3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 123,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, 3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 104,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 103,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 111,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 110,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 192,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 60,
      "regionId": "MID-ATLANTIC",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 59,
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      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 2,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, 3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 2,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 4,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 16,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "15 gal, 30 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 23,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 26,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 163,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "7 gal, 15 gal, or B&B",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 87,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 86,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 85,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 88,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 80,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 82,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 313,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "3 gal, 7 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 210,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 111,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 110,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 187,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 105,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, quart",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 319,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, 3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 295,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "1 gal, 3 gal",
      "regionNote": ""
    },
    {
      "plantId": 147,
      "regionId": "N-PLAINS",
      "commonness": 3,
      "typicalContainer": "Sod / plug",
      "regionNote": ""
    }
  ]
}